iota
Abbreviation for iota, the 9th letter in the Greek alphabet.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I I
1. Symbol for iodine; luminous intensity or radiant intensity; ionic strength (in mol/L); isoleucine; inosine. 2. Abbreviation for intensity of electrical current, expressed in amperes. 3. As a subscript, symbol for inspired gas. 4. Designation for I blood group (see Blood Groups appendix).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

123I 123I
Symbol for iodine-123.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

125I 125I
Symbol for iodine-125.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

127I 127I
Symbol for iodine-127.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

131I 131I
Symbol for iodine-131.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

132I 132I
Symbol for iodine-132.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ia -ia
Condition, used in formation of names of many diseases. Cf. -ism. [G. -ia, an ancient noun-forming suffix]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IANC IANC
Abbreviation for International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. See Nomina Anatomica.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IAP IAP
Abbreviation for intermittent acute porphyria.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-iasis -iasis
A condition or state, especially an unhealthy one; in medical neologisms it has the same value as, and is sometimes interchangeable with, G. -osis. [G. suffix forming nouns from verbs]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatraliptic iatraliptic (I´a-tra-lip´tik)
Obsolete term denoting treatment by inunction. [G. iatros, physician, + aleiptes, an anointer]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatraliptics iatraliptics (I´a-tra-lip´tiks)
Method of treatment by inunction.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatric iatric (I-at´rik)
Pertaining to medicine or to a physician or healer. [G. iatros, physician]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatro- iatro-
Physicians, medicine, treatment. Cf. medico-. [G. iatros, physician]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrochemical iatrochemical (I-at-ro-kem´i-kal)
Denoting a school of medicine practicing iatrochemistry.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrochemist iatrochemist (I-at-ro-kem´ist)
A member of the iatrochemical school.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrochemistry iatrochemistry (I-at-ro-kem´is-tre)
The study of chemistry in relation to physiologic and pathologic processes, and the treatment of disease by chemical substance as practiced by a school of medical thought in the 17th century.chemiatry;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrogenic iatrogenic (I-at-ro-jen´ik)
Denoting response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself; usually used for unfavorable responses. [iatro- + G. -gen, producing]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrology iatrology (I-a-trol´o-je)
Rarely used term for medical science. [iatro- + G. logos, study]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatromathematical iatromathematical (I-at´ro-math-e-mat´i-kal)
iatrophysical



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatromechanical iatromechanical (I-at´ro-me-kan´i-kal)
iatrophysical



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrophysical iatrophysical (I-at´ro-fiz´i-kal)
Denoting a school of medical thought in the 17th century which explained all physiologic and pathologic phenomena by the laws of physics.iatromathematical, iatromechanical;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrophysicist iatrophysicist (I-at´ro-fiz´-i-sist)
A member of the iatrophysical school.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrophysics iatrophysics (I-at´ro-fiz´iks)
Physics as applied to medicine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iatrotechnique iatrotechnique (I-at´ro-tek-nek´)
Rarely used term for the art of medicine and surgery; the technique or mode of application of medical science. [iatro- + G. techne, art]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IBC IBC
Abbreviation for iron-binding capacity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ibogaine ibogaine (I´bo-gan)
Indole alkaloid of the iboga group. Obtained from several parts of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga (family Apocynaceae). Used by African hunters to arrest movement of the hunter; hallucinogenic, antidepressant, and euphoric.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ibotenic acid ibotenic acid (I´bo-ten-ik)
Chemical similar to kainic acid extracted from poisonous mushroom species Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina (family Agaricaceae). Exhibits substantial neuroexcitatory properties. Used in neuropharmacologic research.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IBR IBR
Abbreviation for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ibuprofen ibuprofen (I-bu´pro-fen)
dl-p-Isobutylhydratropic acid;an anti-inflammatory agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IBV IBV
Abbreviation for infectious bronchitis virus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ic -ic
1. Suffix denoting of, pertaining to. 2. Chemical suffix denoting an element in a compound in one of its highest valencies. Cf. -ous (1). 3. Suffix indicating an acid. [L. -icus, fr. G. -ikos]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICAM-1 ICAM-1
Abbreviation for intercellular adhesion molecule-1.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICD ICD
Abbreviation for International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICDA ICDA
Abbreviation for International Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United States; includes a classification of surgical operations and other therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ice pack ice pack
A cold local application to limit or reduce swelling in recently traumatized tissues; usually in the form of a water-impervious container for ice. Improvised means for containing ice (plastic bags, towels, etc.) are often employed, as are chemical sacks that when struck allow the commingling of chemicals that react endothermically.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICF ICF
Abbreviation for intracellular fluid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichnogram ichnogram (ik´no-gram)
Imprint of the soles of the feet, taken standing. [G. ichnos, footstep, + gramma, a drawing, fr. grapho, to write]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichor ichor (I´kor)
Rarely used term for a thin watery discharge from an ulcer or unhealthy wound. [G. ichor, serum]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichoremia ichoremia (I-ko-re´me-a)
ichorrhemia



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichoroid ichoroid (I´ko-royd)
Denoting a thin purulent discharge. [G. ichor, serum, + eidos, resemblance]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichorous ichorous (I´kor-us)
Relating to or resembling ichor.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichorrhea ichorrhea (I´ko-re´a)
A profuse ichorous discharge. [G. ichor, serum, + rhoia, a flow]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichorrhemia ichorrhemia (I-ko-re´me-a)
Sepsis resulting from infection accompanied by an ichorous discharge.ichoremia; [G. ichor, serum, + rhoia, a flow, + haima, blood]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICHPPC ICHPPC
Abbreviation for International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthammol ichthammol (ik´tham-mol)
Sulfonated bitumen; ammonium sulfoichthyolate;a viscous fluid, reddish brown to brownish black in color, with a strong, characteristic, empyreumatic odor, soluble in water and in glycerin; obtained by the destructive distillation of certain bituminous schists, sulfonating the distillate and neutralizing the product with ammonia. It is used in skin disorders; its beneficial effect is due to its mild irritant, stimulant, antiseptic, and analgesic action; has been used in 10 and 20 percent concentration in an ointment ("drawing salve").ammonium ichthosulfonate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyism ichthyism (ik´thi-izm)
Poisoning by eating stale or otherwise unfit fish.ichthyismus; [G. ichthys, fish]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyismus ichthyismus (ik-thi-iz´mus)
ichthyism [G. ichthys, fish]
i. exanthemat´icus toxic erythematous eruption due to ingestion of spoiled fish.
i. hys´trix bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyo- ichthyo-
Fish. [G. ichthys]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyoacanthotoxism ichthyoacanthotoxism (ik´thi-o-a-kan´tho-tok´sizm)
Poisoning from the stings or spines of venomous fishes. [ichthyo- + G. akantha, thorn, + toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyocolla ichthyocolla (ik-the-o-kol´a)
Fish gelatin obtained from sounds or swim bladders of fish such as the hake, cod, and sturgeon; used as a glue, a food substitute, and a clarifying agent.isinglass; [ichthyo- + G. kolla, glue]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyohemotoxin ichthyohemotoxin (ik´the-o-he´mo-tok´sin)
The toxic substance in the blood of certain fishes. [ichthyo- + G. haima, blood, + toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyohemotoxism ichthyohemotoxism (ik´the-o-he´mo-tok´sizm)
Poisoning resulting from the ingestion of fish containing the toxic substance, ichthyohemotoxin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyoid ichthyoid (ik´the-oyd)
Fish-shaped. [ichthyo- + G. eidos, resemblance]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyootoxin ichthyootoxin (ik´the-o-o-tok´sin)
Toxic substance restricted to the roe of fishes. [ichthyo- + G. oon, egg, + toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyophagous ichthyophagous (ik-the-of´a-gus)
Fish-eating; subsisting on fish. [ichthyo- + G. phago, to eat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyophobia ichthyophobia (ik´the-o-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of fish. [ichthyo- + G. phobos, fear]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyosarcotoxin ichthyosarcotoxin (ik´the-o-sar´ko-tok´sin)
Toxic substance found in the flesh or organs of fishes. [ichthyo- + G. sarx, flesh, + toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyosarcotoxism ichthyosarcotoxism (ik´the-o-sar´ko-tok´sizm)
Poisoning caused by the toxic substance (ichthyosarcotoxin) in the flesh or organs of fish. [ichthyo- + G. sarx, flesh, + toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyosis ichthyosis (ik-the-o´sis)
Congenital disorders of keratinization characterized by noninflammatory dryness and scaling of the skin, often associated with other defects and with abnormalities of lipid metabolism; distinguishable genetically, clinically, microscopically, and by epidermal cell kinetics.alligator skin, fish skin, sauriasis, sauriderma, sauriosis, sauroderma; [ichthyo- + G. -osis, condition]
acquired i. a thickening and scaling of the skin associated with some malignant diseases (e.g., Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma), leprosy, and severe nutritional deficiencies.
i. congen´ita neonato´rum generalized i. with parchment-like skin seen in premature babies.
i. cor´neae an ocular complication of a congenital abnormality of the skin with corneal keratinization, dryness, and scaling.
i. feta´lis 1. harlequin fetus 2. recessive condition in Holstein and Norwegian red poll cattle resembling harlequin fetus in humans.
i. follicula´ris a form of autosomal dominant type of i., with horny follicular plugging of the extensor surfaces of the extremities; onset in early childhood.
harlequin i. fetal form of i. distinct from lamellar i. in its patchy character and the poor prospect of the patient surviving the neonatal period.
i. hys´trix bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma [G. hystrix, hedgehog]
i. intrauteri´na i. vulgaris
lamellar i. [MIM*262300] a dry form of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, an autosomal recessive trait present at birth; characterized by large, coarse scales over most of the body with thickened palms and soles, and associated with ectropion; histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, a prominent granular layer in the epidermis, slight acanthosis, many mitotic figures, and normal or reduced epidermal cell turnover. See also collodion baby, harlequin fetus.
i. linea´ris circumflex´a [MIM*256500] congenital or infantile migratory polycyclic erythema and scaling that shows a peripheral double margin; persists throughout life and may be associated with trichorrhexis invaginata in Netherton's syndrome; autosomal recessive inheritance.
nacreous i. a variant of i. characterized by dry pearly scales.
i. palma´ris et planta´ris palmoplantar keratoderma
i. scutula´ta i. marked by diamond-shaped or shield-shaped lesions.
i. seba´cea the presence of an unusual amount of vernix caseosa.
i. seba´cea cor´nea a type of i. with vernix caseosa as seen in the newborn.
i. sim´plex i. vulgaris
i. spino´sa congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
i. u´teri transformation of the columnar epithelium of the endometrium into stratified squamous epithelium.
i. vulga´ris [MIM*146700] an autosomal dominant trait, with onset in childhood of scales on the trunk and extremities but not on the flexural areas, and associated with atopy and prominent palmar and plantar markings; histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, absence of a granular layer in the epidermis, and normal epidermal cell turnover.hyperkeratosis congenita, i. intrauterina, i. simplex, keratosis diffusa fetalis;
X-linked i. [MIM*308100] a form of i., due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroidsulfate sulfatase deficiency, that appears at birth or in early infancy and affects males; characterized by scaling predominantly on the neck and trunk but not on the palms and soles; histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, a granular layer in the epidermis, and normal epidermal cell turnover.steroid sulfatase deficiency;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyotic ichthyotic (ik-the-ot´ik)
Relating to ichthyosis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyotoxicology ichthyotoxicology (ik´the-o-tok-si-kol´o-je)
The study of the poisons produced by fishes, and their recognition, effects, and antidotes. [ichthyo- + G. toxikon, poison, + logos, study]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyotoxicon ichthyotoxicon (ik-the-o-tok´si-kon)
A toxic principle in certain fishes.fish poison (1) ; [ichthyo- + G. toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyotoxin ichthyotoxin (ik´the-o-tok´sin)
The hemolytic active principle of eel serum. [ichthyo- + G. toxicon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ichthyotoxism ichthyotoxism (ik´the-o-tok´sizm)
Poisoning by fish. [ichthyo- + G. toxikon, poison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICIDH ICIDH
Abbreviation for International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iconomania iconomania (I´kon-o-ma´ne-a)
Rarely used term for a morbid impulse to worship images. [G. eikon, image, + mania, insanity]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icosahedral icosahedral (I´ko-sa-he´dral)
Having 20 equilateral triangular surfaces and 12 vertices, as do most viruses with cubic symmetry. [G. eikosi, twenty, + -edros, having sides or bases]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

n-icosanoic acid n-icosanoic acid (I´ko-sa-no´ik)
arachidic acid



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICP ICP
Abbreviation for intracranial pressure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICRP ICRP
Abbreviation for International Commission on Radiological Protection.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ics -ics
Organized knowledge, practice, treatment. [-ic + -s]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICSH ICSH
Abbreviation of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ictal ictal (ik´tal)
Relating to or caused by a stroke or seizure. [L. ictus, a stroke]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icteric icteric (ik-ter´ik)
Relating to or marked by jaundice. [G. ikterikos, jaundiced]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ictero- ictero-
Icterus. [G. ikteros, jaundice]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icteroanemia icteroanemia (ik´ter-o-a-ne´me-a)
acquired hemolytic icterus
swine i. an infectious disease of swine manifested by icterus, anemia, and emaciation; caused by Eperythrozoon suis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icterogenic icterogenic (ik´ter-o-jen´ik)
Causing jaundice. [ictero- + G. -gen, producing]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icterohematuric icterohematuric (ik´ter-o-he´ma-tu´rik)
Denoting jaundice with the passage of blood in the urine. [ictero- + G. haima, blood, + ouron, urine]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icterohemoglobinuria icterohemoglobinuria (ik´ter-o-he´mo-glo-bi-nu´re-a)
Jaundice with hemoglobin in the urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icterohepatitis icterohepatitis (ik´ter-o-hep-a-tI´tis)
Inflammation of the liver with jaundice as a prominent symptom. [ictero- + G. hepar, liver, + -itis, inflammation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icteroid icteroid (ik´ter-oyd)
Yellow-hued, or seemingly jaundiced. [ictero- + G. eidos, resemblance]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

icterus icterus (ik´ter-us)
jaundice [G. ikteros]
acquired hemolytic i. i. and anemia occuring in association with a moderate degree of splenomegaly, increased fragility of red blood cells, and increased amounts of urobilin in the urine.icteroanemia;
benign familial i. familial nonhemolytic jaundice
chronic familial i. hereditary spherocytosis
congenital hemolytic i. hereditary spherocytosis
cythemolytic i. i. caused by absorption of bile produced in excess through stimulation by free hemoglobin caused by the destruction of red blood corpuscles.
i. gra´vis jaundice associated with high fever and delirium; seen in severe hepatitis and other diseases of the liver with severe functional failure.malignant jaundice;
infectious i. Weil's disease
i. mel´as a form in which the skin assumes a dirty dark brown color.
i. neonato´rum i. which can be accentuated by many factors including excessive hemolysis, sepsis, neonatal hepatitis or congenital atresia of the biliary system.physiologic i; jaundice of the newborn, neonatal jaundice, physiologic jaundice;
physiologic i. i. neonatorum
i. prae´cox a relatively innocent but rapidly developing type of jaundice with mild anemia in the newborn, most frequently caused by ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ictometer ictometer (ik-tom´e-ter)
An apparatus for determining the force of the apex beat of the heart. [L. ictus, stroke, + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ictus ictus (ik´tus)
1. A stroke or attack. 2. A beat. [L.]
i. cor´dis heart beat
i. epilep´ticus an epileptic convulsion.
i. paralyt´icus a paralytic stroke.
i. so´lis sunstroke



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ICU ICU
Abbreviation for intensive care unit.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I.D. I.D.
Abbreviation for infecting dose. See minimal infecting dose.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

id id
1. In psychoanalysis, one of three components of the psychic apparatus in the freudian structural framework, the other two being the ego and superego. It is completely in the unconscious realm, is unorganized, is the reservoir of psychic energy or libido, and is under the influence of the primary processes. 2. The total of all psychic energy available from the innate biologic hungers, appetites, bodily needs, drives and impulses, in a newborn infant; through socialization this diffuse undirected energy becomes channeled in less egocentric and more socially responsive directions (development of the ego from the id). [L. id, that]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-id -id
1. A state of sensitivity of the skin in which a part remote from the primary lesion reacts ("-id reaction") to substances of the pathogen, giving rise to a secondary inflammatory lesion; the lesion manifesting the reaction is designated by the use of -id as a suffix. [G. -eides, resembling, through Fr. -id] 2. Small, young specimen. [G. -idion, a diminutive ending]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IDA IDA
Abbreviation for iminodiacetate, whose derivatives are used in radiopharmaceuticals with a 99mTc label. See HIDA. See also DISIDA.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IDDM IDDM
Abbreviation for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ide -ide
1. Suffix denoting the more electronegative element in a binary chemical compound; formerly denoted by the qualification, -ureted; e.g., hydrogen sulfide was sulfureted hydrogen. 2. Suffix (in a sugar name) indicating substitution for the H of the hemiacetal OH; e.g., glycoside.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idea idea (I-de´a)
Any mental image or concept. [G. semblance]
autochthonous i.'s thoughts that suddenly burst into awareness as if they are vitally important, often as if they have come from an outside source.
compulsive i. a fixed and repetitively recurring i.
dominant i. an i. that governs all one's actions and thoughts.
fixed i. 1. an exaggerated notion, belief, or delusion that persists, despite evidence to the contrary, and controls the mind; 2. the obstinate conviction of a psychotic person regarding the correctness of his delusion.idée fixe, overvalued i., permanent dominant i;
flight of i.'s an uncontrollable symptom of the manic phase of a bipolar depressive disorder in which streams of unrelated words and i.'s occur to the patient at a rate that is impossible to vocalize despite a marked increase in the individual's overall output of words. See also mania.
hyperquantivalent i. an i. that dominates all thought and cannot easily be changed.
overvalued i. fixed i
permanent dominant i. fixed i
i. of reference the misinterpretation that other people's statements or acts or neutral objects in the environment are directed toward one's self when, in fact, they are not.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideal ideal (I-del´)
A standard of perfection.
ego i. the part of the personality that comprises the goals, aspirations, and aims of the self, usually growing out of the emulation of a significant person with whom one has identified.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideation ideation (I-de-a´shun)
The formation of ideas or thoughts.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideational ideational (I-de-a´shun-al)
Relating to ideation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idée fixe idée fixe (e-da´feks´)
fixed idea [Fr. obsession]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

identification identification (I-den´ti-fi-ka´shun)
A sense of oneness, or psychic continuity with another person or group; one of the freudian defense mechanisms common to everyone whereby anxiety regarding one's personal identity or worth is dissipated via the mechanism of perceiving oneself as having characteristics in common with a person in the public eye, or in childhood identifying with a more powerful person such as a parent.incorporation; [Mediev. L. identicus, fr. L. idem, the same, + facio, to make]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

identity identity (I-den´ti-te)
The social role of the person and his or her perception of it.
ego i. the ego's sense of its own identity.
gender i. the sex role adopted by an individual; the degree to which an individual acts out a stereotypical masculine or feminine role in everyday behavior. Cf. gender role, sex role.
sense of i. one's sense of his or her own identity or psychological selfhood.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideo- ideo-
Ideas; ideation Cf. idio-. [G. idea, form, notion]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideokinetic ideokinetic (I´de-o-ki-net´ik)
ideomotor



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideology ideology (I-de-ol´o-je, id-e-)
The composite system of ideas, beliefs, and attitudes that constitutes an individual's or group's organized view of others. [ideo- + G. logos, study]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideomotion ideomotion (I-de-o-mo´shun)
Muscular movement executed under the influence of a dominant idea, being practically automatic and not volitional.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideomotor ideomotor (I´de-o-mo´ter)
Relating to ideomotion.ideokinetic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideophobia ideophobia (I´de-o-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of new or different ideas.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ideoplastia ideoplastia (I´de-o-plas´te-a)
Rarely used term for the receptive condition in a hypnotized person in which he or she is thought to be completely open to suggestion. [ideo- + G. plasso, to form]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idio- idio-
Private, distinctive, peculiar to. Cf. ideo-. [G. idios, one's own]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioagglutinin idioagglutinin (id´e-o-a-glu´tin-in)
An agglutinin that occurs naturally in the blood of a person or an animal, without the injection of a stimulating antigen or the passive transfer of antibody.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiodynamic idiodynamic (id´e-o-dI-nam´ik)
Independently active.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiogamist idiogamist (id´e-og´a-mist)
Rarely used term for one who is capable of sexual union with only one or a few individuals of the opposite sex, being impotent in the presence of any others. [idio- + G. gamos, marriage]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiogenesis idiogenesis (id´e-o-jen´e-sis)
Origin without evident cause; denoting especially that of an idiopathic disease. [idio- + G. genesis, production]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioglossia idioglossia (id´e-o-glos´e-a)
An extreme form of lalling or vowel or consonant substitution, by which the speech of a child may be made unintelligible and appear to be another language to one who does not have the key to the literal changes. [idio- + G. glossa, tongue, speech]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioglottic idioglottic (id´e-o-glot´ik)
Relating to idioglossia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiogram idiogram (id´e-o-gram)
1. karyotype 2. Diagrammatic representation of chromosome morphology characteristic of a species or population. [idio- + G. gramma, something written]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiographic idiographic (id´e-o-graf´ik)
Pertaining to the characteristics or behavior of a particular individual as an individual, as opposed to nomothetic. [idio- + G. grapho, to write]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioheteroagglutinin idioheteroagglutinin (id´e-o-het´er-o-a-glu´tin-in)
An idioagglutinin occurring in the blood of one animal, but capable of combining with the antigenic material from another species. [idio- + G. heteros, another, + agglutinin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioheterolysin idioheterolysin (id´e-o-het-er-ol´i-sin)
An idiolysin occurring in the blood of an animal of one species, but capable of combining with the red blood cells of another species, thereby causing hemolysis when complement is present.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiohypnotism idiohypnotism (id´e-o-hip´no-tizm)
autohypnosis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioisoagglutinin idioisoagglutinin (id´e-o-I´so-a-glu´tin-in)
An idioagglutinin occurring in the blood of an animal of a certain species, capable of agglutinating the cells from animals of the same species. [idio- + G. isos, equal, + agglutinin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioisolysin idioisolysin (id´e-o-I-sol´i-sin)
An idiolysin occurring in the blood of an animal of a certain species, capable of combining with the red blood cells from animals of the same species, thereby causing hemolysis when complement is present.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiolalia idiolalia (id´e-o-la´le-a)
Use of a language invented by the person himself. [idio- + G. lalia, talk]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiolysin idiolysin (id-e-ol´i-sin)
A lysin that occurs naturally in the blood of a person or an animal, without the injection of a stimulating antigen or the passive transfer of antibody.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiomuscular idiomuscular (id´e-o-mus´kyu-lar)
Relating to the muscles alone, independent of the nervous control.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idionodal idionodal (id´e-o-no´dal)
Arising from the A-V node itself; applied to the ventricular rhythm in complete S-A or A-V block, or in other forms of A-V dissociation, when the A-V node rather than an ectopic ventricular focus controls the ventricles. More accurately idiojunctional, since it is usually impossible to more accurately locate an "A-V nodal" rhythm; the A-V node is part of the A-V junction. See also idioventricular.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiopathetic idiopathetic (id´e-o-pa-thet´ik)
Rarely used term for idiopathic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiopathic idiopathic (id´e-o-path´ik)
Denoting a disease of unknown cause.agnogenic; [idio- + G. pathos, suffering]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiopathy idiopathy (id-e-op´a-the)
An idiopathic disease. [idio- + G. pathos, suffering]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiophrenic idiophrenic (id´e-o-fren´ik)
Relating to, or originating in, the mind or brain alone, not reflex or secondary. [idio- + G. phren, mind]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiopsychologic idiopsychologic (id´e-o-sI-ko-loj´ik)
Relating to ideas developed within one's own mind, independent of suggestion from without.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioreflex idioreflex (id-e-o-re´fleks)
A reflex due to a stimulus or irritation originating in the organ or part in which the reflex occurs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiosome idiosome (id´e-o-som)
The centrosome of a spermatid or of an oocyte. [idio- + G. soma, body]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiospasm idiospasm (id´e-o-spazm)
A localized spasm.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiosyncrasy idiosyncrasy (id´e-o-sin´kra-se)
1. An individual mental, behavioral, or physical characteristic or peculiarity. 2. In pharmacology, an abnormal reaction to a drug, sometimes specified as genetically determined. [G. idiosynkrasia, fr. idios, one's own, + synkrasis, a mixing together]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiosyncratic idiosyncratic (id´e-o-sin-krat´ik)
Relating to or marked by an idiosyncrasy.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiotope idiotope (id´e-top)
Antigenic determinant of an idiotype. See also idiotypic antigenic determinant. [idio- + -tope]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiot-prodigy idiot-prodigy (id´e-ot prod´i-je)
idiot-savant



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiotrophic idiotrophic (id´e-o-trof´ik)
Capable of choosing its own food. [idio- + G. trophe, food]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiotropic idiotropic (id´e-o-trop´ik)
Turning inward upon one's self. [idio- + G. trope, a turning]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiot-savant idiot-savant (e-de-o´ sah-vahn´)
A person of low general intelligence who possesses an unusual faculty in performing certain mental tasks of which most normal persons are incapable.idiot-prodigy; [Fr.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idiotype idiotype (id´e-o-tIp)
A determinant that confers on an immunoglobulin molecule an antigenic "individuality" and is frequently a unique attribute of a given antibody in a given animal. It is the product of a limited number of B lymphocyte clones. Collection of idiotopes located within the variable region of an antibody molecule or the T-cell receptor. See idiotope.idiotypic antigenic determinant; [idio- + G. typos, model]
set of i.'s (antigenic determinants) of either the immunoglobulin or T cell receptor variable regions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idioventricular idioventricular (id-e-o-ven-trik´yu-lar)
Pertaining to or associated with the cardiac ventricles alone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iditol iditol (I´di-tol)
Reduction product of the hexose idose.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IDL IDL
Abbreviation for intermediate density lipoprotein.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idose idose (I´dos)
One of the aldohexoses, isomeric with galactose; l-i. is epimeric with d-glucose. See sugar.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idoxuridine (IDU) idoxuridine (IDU) (I-doks-yu´ri-den)
2´-Deoxy-5-iodouridine; 5-iododeoxyuridine;a pyrimidine analogue that produces both antiviral and anticancer effects by interference with DNA synthesis; used locally in the eye for the treatment of keratitis from herpes simplex or vaccinia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IDP IDP
Abbreviation for inosine 5´-diphosphate.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

idrosis idrosis (I-dro´sis)
hidrosis [G. hidros, sweat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IDU IDU
Abbreviation for idoxuridine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iduronate iduronate (I-dur-on´at)
The salt or ester of iduronic acid.
i. sulfatase an enzyme required for the desulfation of 2-sulfate i. residues in heparan sulfate. It is also required in dermatan sulfate degradation; Hunter's syndrome is associated with a deficiency of this enzyme.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iduronic acid iduronic acid (I-dur-on´ik)
The uronic acid of idose; a constituent of dermatan sulfate.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

a-l-iduronidase a-l-iduronidase (I-dur-on´i-das)
An enzyme that hydrolyzes terminal desulfated a-l-iduronic acid residues of dermatan sulfate and of heparan sulfate; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with Hurler syndrome and Scheie syndrome.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IEP IEP
Abbreviation for isoelectric point.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IF IF
Abbreviation for initiation factor; intrinsic factor.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IFN IFN
Abbreviation for interferon.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IFN-a IFN-a
Abbreviation for interferon alpha.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IFN-beta IFN-beta
Abbreviation for interferon beta.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IFN-gamma IFN-gamma
Abbreviation for interferon gamma.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ig Ig
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IgA IgA
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin A.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IgD IgD
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin D.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IgE IgE
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin E.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IGF IGF
Abbreviation for insulin-like growth factors, under factor.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IgG IgG
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin G.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IgM IgM
Abbreviation for immunoglobulin M.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ignatia ignatia (ig-na´she-a)
The dried ripe seed of Strychnos ignatii (family Loganiaceae). It is similar in its properties to nux vomica and is a source of strychnine. [St. Ignatius]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ignipedites ignipedites (ig´ni-pe-dI´tez)
Burning pain in the soles of the feet, in multiple neuritis.hotfoot; [L. ignis, fire, + pes (ped-), foot, + G. ites]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ignipuncture ignipuncture (ig´ni-pungk-chur)
The original procedure of closing a retinal break in retinal separation by transfixation of the break with cautery. [L. ignis, fire, + puncture]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ignotine ignotine (ig´no-ten)
carnosine



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IH IH
Abbreviation for infectious hepatitis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IJP IJP
Abbreviation for inhibitory junction potential.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ikota ikota (I-ko´ta)
A neurosis, similar to latah, affecting married women among the Samoyeds of Siberia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-1 IL-1
Abbreviation for interleukin-1.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-2 IL-2
Abbreviation for interleukin-2.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-3 IL-3
Abbreviation for interleukin-3.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-4 IL-4
Abbreviation for interleukin-4.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-5 IL-5
Abbreviation for interleukin-5.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-6 IL-6
Abbreviation for interleukin-6.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-7 IL-7
Abbreviation for interleukin-7.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-8 IL-8
Abbreviation for interleukin-8.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-9 IL-9
Abbreviation for interleukin-9.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-10 IL-10
Abbreviation for interleukin-10.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-11 IL-11
Abbreviation for interleukin-11.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-12 IL-12
Abbreviation for interleukin-12.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-13 IL-13
Abbreviation for interleukin-13.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-14 IL-14
Abbreviation for interleukin-14.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IL-15 IL-15
Abbreviation for interleukin-15.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ILA ILA
Abbreviation for insulin-like activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileac ileac (il´e-ak)
1. Relating to the ileus. 2. Relating to the ileum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileadelphus ileadelphus (il´e-a-del´fus)
duplicitas posterior



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileal ileal (il´e-al)
Of or pertaining to the ileum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileectomy ileectomy (il-e-ek´to-me)
Removal of the ileum. [ileum + G. ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileitis ileitis (il-e-I´tis)
Inflammation of the ileum.
backwash i. involvement of the terminal ileum by the inflammatory and ulcerative changes seen in chronic ulcerative colitis; distinguished from involvement of ileum and proximal colon by regional (granulomatous) enteritis (e.g., Crohn's disease of terminal ileum and proximal colon).
distal i. , regional i. , terminal i. regional enteritis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileo- ileo-
The ileum; bottom of the small intestine. [New L. ileum, groin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocecal ileocecal (il´e-o-se´kal)
Relating to both ileum and cecum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocecocystoplasty ileocecocystoplasty (il´e-o-se´ko-sis´to-plas-te)
Bladder reconstruction and augmentation with a piece of ileocecum. [ileo- + ceco- + G. kystis, bladder, + plastos, formed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocecostomy ileocecostomy (il´e-o-se-kos´to´me)
Anastomosis of the ileum to the cecum.cecoileostomy;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocecum ileocecum (il-e-o-se´kum)
The combined ileum and cecum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocolic ileocolic (il´e-o-kol´ik)
Relating to the ileum and the colon.ileocolonic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocolitis ileocolitis (il´e-o-ko-lI´tis)
Inflammation to a varying extent of the mucous membrane of both ileum and colon.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocolonic ileocolonic (il´e-o-ko-lon´ik)
ileocolic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocolostomy ileocolostomy (il´e-o-ko-los´to-me)
Establishment of a new communication between the ileum and the colon. [ileo- + colostomy]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileocystoplasty ileocystoplasty (il´e-o-sis´to-plas-te)
Surgical reconstruction of the bladder involving the use of an isolated intestinal segment to augment bladder capacity. [ileo- + G. kystis, bladder, + plastos, formed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileoentectropy ileoentectropy (il´e-o-en-tek´tro-pe)
Rarely used term for eversion of a segment of the ileum. [ileo- + G. entos, within, + ek, out, + trope, a turning]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileoileostomy ileoileostomy (il´e-o-il-e-os´to-me)
1. Establishment of a communication between two segments of the ileum. 2. The opening so established. [ileum + ileum + G. stoma, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileojejunitis ileojejunitis (il´e-o-je-ju-nI´tis)
A chronic inflammatory condition involving the jejunum and parts or most of the ileum; occurs in different forms: a granulomatous state resembling regional ileitis, pseudodiverticula, or cicatricial stenosis of the bowel.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileopexy ileopexy (il´e-o-pek´se)
Surgical fixation of ileum. [ileo- + G. pexis, fixation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileoproctostomy ileoproctostomy (il´e-o-prok-tos´to-me)
Establishment of a communication between the ileum and the rectum.ileorectostomy; [ileo- + G. proktos, anus (rectum), + stoma, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileorectostomy ileorectostomy (il´e-o-rek-tos´to-me)
ileoproctostomy [ileum + rectum + G. stoma, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileorrhaphy ileorrhaphy (il´e-or´a-fe)
Suturing the ileum. [ileo- + G. rhaphe, suture]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileosigmoidostomy ileosigmoidostomy (il´e-o-sig´moyd-os´to-me)
Establishment of a communication between the ileum and the sigmoid colon. [ileo- + sigmoid, + G. stoma, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileostomy ileostomy (il´e-os´to-me)
Establishment of a fistula through which the ileum discharges directly to the outside of the body. [ileo- + G. stoma, mouth]
Brooke i. i. in which the divided proximal ileum, brought through the abdominal wall, is evaginated and its edge is sutured to the dermis; a 2 cm protrusion is maintained by additional suturing.
Kock i. Kock pouch



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileotomy ileotomy (il´e-ot´o-me)
Incision into the ileum. [ileo- + G. tome, incision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileotransversostomy ileotransversostomy (il´e-o-tranz-vers-os´to-me)
Anastomosis of the ileum to the transverse colon. [ileum + transverse colon, + G. stoma, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileum ileum (il´e-um) [NA]
The third portion of the small intestine, about 12 feet in length, extending from the junction with the jejunum to the ileocecal opening. It is distinct from jejunum in being typically smaller in diameter with thinner walls, having smaller and less complex plicae circulares, its mesentery having more fat and its arteries (ileal arteries) forming more tiers of arterial arcades with shorter vasa recta. [L. fr. G. eileo, to roll up, twist]
i. du´plex tubular or cystic segmental duplications of alimentary tract.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ileus ileus (il´e-us)
Mechanical, dynamic, or adynamic obstruction of the bowel; may be accompanied by severe colicky pain, abdominal distention, vomiting, absence of passage of stool, and often fever and dehydration. [G. eileos, intestinal colic, from eilo, to roll up tight]
adynamic i. obstruction of the bowel due to paralysis of the bowel wall, usually as a result of localized or generalized peritonitis or shock.paralytic i;
dynamic i. intestinal obstruction due to spastic contraction of a segment of the bowel.spastic i;
gallstone i. obstruction of the small intestine produced by passage of a gallstone from the biliary tract (usually the gallbladder as a result of cholecystitis) into the intestinal tract (usually by means of a fistulous connection between the gallbladder and the small intestine); occurrence and site of obstruction depend upon size of the stone, but the usual location is at or near the ileocecal junction.
mechanical i. obstruction of the bowel due to some mechanical cause, e.g., volvulus, gallstone, adhesions.
meconium i. intestinal obstruction in the fetus and newborn following inspissation of meconium and caused by lack of trypsin; associated with cystic fibrosis.
occlusive i. complete mechanical blocking of the intestinal lumen.
paralytic i. adynamic i
spastic i. dynamic i
i. subpar´ta obstruction of the large bowel by pressure of the pregnant uterus.
terminal i. obstruction of the lower part of the small bowel.
verminous i. obstruction due to masses of intestinal parasites.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliac iliac (il´e-ak)
Relating to the ilium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliacus iliacus (il-I´a-kus)
See iliacus muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliadelphus iliadelphus (il´e-a-del´fus)
duplicitas posterior [L. ilium + G. adelphos, brother]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ilio- ilio-
The ilium; top of hip bone. [L. ilium]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliococcygeal iliococcygeal (il´e-o-kok-sij´e-al)
Relating to the ilium and the coccyx.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliocolotomy iliocolotomy (il´e-o-ko-lot´o-me)
The operation of opening into the colon in the inguinal (iliac) region. [ilio- + G. kolon, colon, + tome, incision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliocostal iliocostal (il´e-o-kos´tal)
Relating to the ilium and the ribs; denoting muscles passing between the two parts.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliocostalis iliocostalis (il´e-o-kos-ta´lis)
See iliocostalis muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliofemoral iliofemoral (il´e-o-fem´o-ral)
Relating to the ilium and the femur.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliofemoroplasty iliofemoroplasty (il-e-o-fem´or-o-plas-te)
An obsolete method of securing a hip fusion by an extra-articular technique (a joint bypass procedure) in which a turned down bone flap from the ilium is placed into a split in the greater trochanter.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliohypogastric iliohypogastric (il´e-o-hI-po-gas´trik)
Relating to the iliac and the hypogastric regions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ilioinguinal ilioinguinal (il´e-o-ing´gwi-nal)
Relating to the iliac region and the groin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliolumbar iliolumbar (il-e-o-lum´bar)
Relating to the iliac and the lumbar regions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliometer iliometer (il-e-om´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring exact position of iliac spines and lower vertebrae. [ilio- + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliopagus iliopagus (il-e-op´a-gus)
Conjoined twins in which the fusion is restricted to the iliac region. See conjoined twins, under twin. [ilio- + G. pagos, something fixed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliopectineal iliopectineal (il´e-o-pek-tin´e-al)
Relating to the ilium and the pubis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliopelvic iliopelvic (il´e-o-pel´vik)
Relating to the iliac region and the cavity of the pelvis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliosacral iliosacral (il´e-o-sa´kral)
Relating to the ilium and the sacrum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliosciatic iliosciatic (il´e-o-sI-at´ik)
Relating to the ilium and the ischium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliospinal iliospinal (il´e-o-spI´nal)
Relating to the ilium and the spinal column.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliothoracopagus iliothoracopagus (il´e-o-thor-a-kop´a-gus)
Conjoined twins in which union occurs through the ilia and extends to involve the thoraces. See conjoined twins, under twin.ischiothoracopagus; [ilio- + G. thorax, chest, + pagos, fixed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliotibial iliotibial (il´e-o-tib´e-al)
Relating to the ilium and the tibia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iliotrochanteric iliotrochanteric (il´e-o-tro-kan-ter´ik)
Relating to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ilioxiphopagus ilioxiphopagus (il´e-o-zI-fop´a-gus)
Conjoined twins in which the fusion extends from the xiphoid to the iliac region. See conjoined twins, under twin. [ilio- + xiphoid, + G. pagos, fixed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ilium ilium, pl. ilia (il´e-um, il´e-a)
The broad, flaring portion of the hip bone, distinct at birth but later becoming fused with the ischium and pubis; it consists of a body, which joins the pubis and ischium to form the acetabulum and a broad thin portion, called the ala or wing.os ilium [NA], os iliacum, flank bone, iliac bone; [L. groin, flank]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ill ill
In veterinary medicine, a term used in the common names of several diseases.
joint i. a chronic suppurative inflammation of the joints of foals and other newly born animals, due to umbilical infection with pyogenic bacteria, one of the most common being Actinobacillus equuli.joint evil;
louping i. a highly virulent viral encephalomyelitis of sheep in Great Britain and the Iberian peninsula characterized by cerebellar ataxia; caused by a flavivirus (louping-ill virus) and transmitted by the tick, Ixodes ricinus.
navel i. a term applied to any kind of acute generalized infections of young mammals having their origin in a wound infection occurring in the stump of the umbilical cord; these infections generally are pyemic, and liver and lung abscesses and multiple acute arthritis are characteristic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illicium illicium (il-lis´e-um)
Chinese or star anise, the dried fruit of Illhicium verum (family Magnoliaceae), an evergreen shrub or small tree of southern China; used as a stimulating carminative. [L. an allurement, fr. il-licio, to allure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illinition illinition (il-in-ish´un)
The friction of a surface to facilitate absorption of an ointment. [L. il-lino, pp. -litus, to smear on (in + lino)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illness illness (il´nes)
disease (1)
environmental i. multiple chemical sensitivity
functional i. functional disorder
manic-depressive i. an obsolete term for one of the mood disorders previously called manic-depressive disorder.
mental i. 1. a broadly inclusive term, generally denoting one or all of the following: 1) a disease of the brain, with predominant behavioral symptoms, as in paresis or acute alcoholism; 2) a disease of the "mind" or personality, evidenced by abnormal behavior, as in hysteria or schizophrenia; also called mental or emotional disease, disturbance, or disorder, or behavior disorder; 2. any psychiatric illness listed in Current Medical Information and Terminology of the American Medical Association or in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association. See also behavior disorder.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illumination illumination (i-lu´mi-na´shun)
1. Throwing light on the body or a part or into a cavity for diagnostic purposes. 2. Lighting an object under a microscope. [L. il-lumino, pp. -atus, to light up]
axial i. the transmission or reflection of light in the direction of the axis of an optical system.central i;
central i. axial i
contact i. i. of the eye by means of an instrument in contact with the cornea or bulbar conjunctiva.
critical i. the precise focusing of the light source directly upon the object being examined.
dark-field i. a procedure in which a black circular shield is used to block the majority of the vertically directed rays of light (e.g., the field is dark), and a circumferential, suitably angled, mirrored surface is used to direct the peripheral rays horizontally against the object, thereby reflecting the light vertically through the objective lens and along the optical axis; thus, the object is well illuminated in a contrasting dark background.dark-ground i;
dark-ground i. dark-field i
direct i. an i. in which the rays of light are directed downward, almost perpendicularly onto the upper surface of the object, which reflects the rays upward into the optical system.erect i., vertical i;
erect i. direct i
focal i. i. in which a beam of light is directed diagonally to an object so that it is brilliantly illuminated while the surrounding area is in shadow.lateral i., oblique i;
Köhler i. a method of i. of microscopic objects in which the image of the light source is focused on the substage condenser diaphragm and the diaphragm of the light source is focused in the same plane with the object to be observed; maximizes both the brightness and uniformity of the illuminated field.
lateral i. focal i
oblique i. focal i
vertical i. direct i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illuminism illuminism (i-lu´mi-nizm)
A psychotic state of exaltation in which one has delusions and hallucinations of communion with supernatural or exalted beings.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illusion illusion (i-lu´zhun)
A false perception; the mistaking of something for what it is not. [L. illusio, fr. il- ludo, pp. -lusus, to play at, mock]
i. of doubles Capgras' syndrome
i. of movement successive stimulation of neighboring retinal points which causes the sensation of movement.
oculogravic i. apparent movement of the visual field when the body is subjected to acceleration; due to gravity.
oculogyral i. an i. occurring in angular acceleration in which the position of fixed light appears to drift.
optical i. a false interpretation of the color, form, size, or movement of a visual sensation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

illusional illusional (i-lu´zhun-al)
Relating to or of the nature of an illusion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ILO ILO
Abbreviation for International Labour Organization.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ilosvay Ilosvay
Lajos de, Hungarian chemist, *1851. See I. reagent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IM IM
Abbreviation for internal medicine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I.M. I.M. , i.m.
Abbreviation for intramuscular, or intramuscularly.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ima ima (I´ma)
Lowest. See also imus. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

image image (im´ij)
1. Representation of an object made by the rays of light emanating or reflected from it. 2. Representation produced by x-rays, ultrasound, tomography, thermography, radioisotopes, etc.; as a verb, to produce such representations. [L. imago, likeness]
accidental i. afterimage
body i. 1. the cerebral representation of all body sensation organized in the parietal cortex; 2. personal conception of one's own body as distinct from one's actual anatomic body or the conception other persons have of it.body schema;
catatropic i. Purkinje-Sanson i.'s
direct i. virtual i
eidetic i. vivid mental i. in the form of a dream, fantasy, or an unusual power of memory and visualization of objects previously seen or imagined.
false i. the i. in the deviating eye in strabismus.
heteronymous i. a double i. in physiological diplopia, when fixation is directed beyond an object; the right i. arises from the left eye, while the left i. arises from the right eye; i.e., there is a crossed diplopia.
homonymous i.'s double i.'s produced by stimuli arising from points proximal to the horopter.homonymous diplopia, simple diplopia, uncrossed diplopia;
hypnagogic i. imagery occurring between wakefulness and sleep.
hypnopompic i. imagery occurring after the sleeping state and before complete wakefulness; similar to hypnagogic imagery except for the time of occurrence.
inverted i. real i
mental i. a picture of an object not present, produced in the mind by memory or imagination.
mirror i. a representation of an object or part thereof as its reflected i. in a glass mirror.
motor i. the i. of body movements.
negative i. afterimage
optical i. an i. formed by the refraction or reflection of light.
phase i. a magnetic resonance i. showing only phase shift information, to detect motion.
Purkinje i.'s Purkinje-Sanson i.'s
Purkinje-Sanson i.'s the two images formed by the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea and the two images formed by the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens.catatropic i., Purkinje i.'s, Sanson's i.'s;
real i. an i. formed by the convergence of the actual rays of light from an object.inverted i;
retinal i. a real i. formed on the retina.
Sanson's i.'s Purkinje-Sanson i.'s
sensory i. an i. based on one or more types of sensation.
specular i. the i. of a source of light made visible by the reflection from a mirror.
tactile i. an i. of an object as perceived by the sense of touch.
unequal retinal i. aniseikonia
virtual i. an erect i. formed by projection of divergent rays from an optical system.direct i;
visual i. a collection of foci corresponding to all the luminous points of an object.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

image intensifier image intensifier
image amplifier



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imagery imagery (im´ij-re)
A technique in behavior therapy in which the client or patient is conditioned to substitute pleasant fantasies to counter the unpleasant feelings associated with anxiety.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imaginal imaginal (I-maj´i-nal)
Relating to an image or to the process of imagining.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imaging imaging (im´a-jing)
Radiological production of a clinical image using x-rays, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radionuclide scanning, thermography, etc.; especially, cross-sectional imaging, such as ultrasonography, CT, or MRI. [see image]
blood pool i. nuclear medicine study using a radionuclide that is confined to the vascular compartment.
exercise i. See stress test.
magnetic resonance i. (MRI) a diagnostic radiological modality, using nuclear magnetic resonance technology, in which the magnetic nuclei (especially protons) of a patient are aligned in a strong, uniform magnetic field, absorb energy from tuned radiofrequency pulses, and emit radiofrequency signals as their excitation decays. These signals, which vary in intensity according to nuclear abundance and molecular chemical environment, are converted into sets of tomographic images by using field gradients in the magnetic field, which permits 3-dimensional localization of the point sources of the signals.nuclear magnetic resonance i., NMR i., nuclear magnetic resonance tomography; The basic idea of MRI was conceived in 1948 but could not be implemented until the advent of computers and the mathematical technique known as algebraic reconstruction. Unlike conventional radiography or CT, MRI does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. In addition, it provides superior 3-D images of the body's interior, delineating muscle, bone, blood vessel, nerve, organ, and tumor tissue.
nuclear magnetic resonance i. , NMR i. magnetic resonance i
pharmacologic stress i. See stress test.
through transfer i. transfer i
transfer i. the production of an ultrasound image by detection and analysis of sound on the opposite side of the body from the emitting transducer.through transfer i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imaging department imaging department
The diagnostic radiology department. See imaging, radiology.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imago imago, pl. imagines (i-ma´go, i-maj´i-nez)
1. The last stage of an insect after it has completed all its metamorphoses through the egg, larva, and pupa; the adult insect form. 2. archetype (2) [L. image]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbalance imbalance (im-bal´ans)
1. Lack of equality between opposing forces. 2. Lack of equality in some aspect of binocular vision, such as muscle balance, image size, and/or image shape. [L. in- neg. + bi-lanx (-lanc-), having two scales, fr. bis, twice, + lanx, dish, scale of a balance]
autonomic i. a lack of balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, especially in relation to the vasomotor disturbances.vasomotor i;
occlusal i. an inharmonious relationship between the teeth of the maxilla and mandible during closing or functional movements of the jaw.
sex chromosome i. any abnormal pattern of sex chromosomes; e.g., XXY in men with seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, XO in women with Turner's syndrome; rarer patterns of i. are XXX, XXXY, and XYY. See also isochromosome.
sympathetic i. vagotonia
vasomotor i. autonomic i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbecile imbecile (im´be-sil)
An obsolete term for a subclass of mental retardation or the individual classified therein. [L. imbecillus, weak, silly]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbed imbed
embed



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbibition imbibition (im-bi-bish´un)
1. Absorption of fluid by a solid body without resultant chemical change in either. 2. Taking up of water by a gel, thereby increasing its size. [L. im-bibo, to drink in (in + bibo)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbricate imbricate , imbricated (im´bri-kat, im´bri-ka-ted)
Overlapping like shingles. [L. imbricatus, covered with tiles]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imbrication imbrication (im´bri-ka´shun)
The operative overlapping of layers of tissue in the closure of wounds or the repair of defects. [see imbricate]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imidazole imidazole (im-id-az´ol)
1,3-Diazole; 1,3-diaza-2,4-cyclopentadiene;a five-membered heterocyclic compound occurring in l-histidine and other biologically important compounds.
i. alkaloids alkaloids containing one or more i. moieties as part of its structure (e.g., pilocarpine).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

4-imidazolone-5-propionate 4-imidazolone-5-propionate (im-id-a-zo´lon)
An intermediate in histidine degradation; seen in reduced levels in urocanic aciduria.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imidazolyl imidazolyl (im-id-az´o-lil)
The radical of imidazole.iminazolyl;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imide imide (im´Id)
The radical or group, NH, attached to two -CO- groups.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imido- imido-
Prefix denoting the radical of an imide, formed by the loss of the H of the =NH group.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imidodipeptidase imidodipeptidase (im´i-do-dI-pep´ti-das)
proline dipeptidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imidodipeptiduria imidodipeptiduria (im-ido-dI-pep´tId-ur-e-a)
Elevated levels of proline-containing dipeptides in the urine; associated with a deficiency of prolidase (peptidase D) resulting in impaired development.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imidole imidole (im´i-dol)
pyrrole



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminazolyl iminazolyl (im-in-az´o-lil)
imidazolyl



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-imine -imine
Suffix denoting the group =NH.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imino- imino-
Prefix denoting the group =NH.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imino acids imino acids (im´i-no, i-me´no)
Compounds with molecules containing both an acid group (usually the carboxyl, -COOH) and an imino group (=NH); e.g., proline, hydroxyproline.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminocarbonyl iminocarbonyl (im´i-no-kar´bon-il)
See carboxamide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminodipeptidase iminodipeptidase (im´i-no-dI-pep´ti-das)
prolyl dipeptidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminoglycinuria iminoglycinuria (im´i-no-glI-si-nu´re-a) [MIM*242600]
A benign inborn error of amino acid transport in renal tubule and intestine; glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline are excreted in the urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminohydrolases iminohydrolases (im´i-no-hI´dro-las-ez) [EC class 3.5.3]
Enzymes that hydrolyze imino groups; e.g., arginine deiminase.deiminases;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iminostilbenes iminostilbenes (im´i-no-stil´benz)
A chemical class of agents of which carbamazepine, an antiepileptic drug, is the most prominent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imipenem imipenem (im-i-pen´em)
C12H17N3O4S. H2O;a thienamycin antibiotic with broad spectrum activity used, in combination with cilastin, to treat a variety of infections.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imipramine hydrochloride imipramine hydrochloride (im-ip´ra-men)
5-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz(b,f)azepine hydrochloride;a tricyclic antidepressant.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IML IML
Abbreviation for intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord gray matter.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Imlach Imlach
Francis, Scottish anatomist and surgeon, 1819-1891. See I.'s fat-pad, ring.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immedicable immedicable (im-med´i-ka-bl)
Obsolete term meaning not curable by medicinal remedies. [L. in- neg. + medicabilis, curable]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immersion immersion (i-mer´zhun)
1. The placing of a body under water or other liquid. 2. In microscopy, filling the space between the objective lens and the top of the cover glass with a fluid, such as water or oil, to reduce spherical aberration and increase effective numerical aperture by elimination of refractive effects that result from an air-glass interface; the best resolution is achieved when the space between the condenser lens and the specimen slide is also filled with the fluid. [L. im-mergo, pp. -mersus, to dip in (in + mergo)]
homogeneous i. in i. microscopy, use of a fluid, such as oil, that has a refractive index virtually identical to that of glass, providing the highest possible numerical aperture.
oil i. , water i. See immersion (2).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immiscible immiscible (i-mis´i-bl)
Incapable of mutual solution; e.g., oil and water. [L. im-misceo, to mix in (in + misceo)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immittance immittance (i-mit´ans)
In audiology, a general term describing measurements made of tympanic membrane impedance, compliance, or admittance. [L. immitto, to send in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immobilization immobilization (i-mo´bi-li-za´shun)
The act of making immovable. [see immobilize]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immobilize immobilize (i-mo´bi-lIz)
To render fixed or incapable of moving. [L. in- neg. + mobilis, movable]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immortalization immortalization (i-mor´tal-i-za´shun)
Conferring on normal cells cultured in vitro the property of an infinite lifespan, as from spontaneous mutation, by exposure to chemical carcinogens, or by viral infection. I. of primary cells in culture is the first of several steps in the expression of transforming genes of DNA tumor viruses, of retrovirus oncogenes, and cellular oncogenes derived from human cancer cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immune immune (i-myun´)
1. Free from the possibility of acquiring a given infectious disease; resistant to an infectious disease. 2. Pertaining to the mechanism of sensitization in which the reactivity is so altered by previous contact with an antigen that the responsive tissues respond quickly upon subsequent contact, or to in vitro reactions with antibody-containing serum from such sensitized individuals. [L. immunis, free from service, fr. in, neg., + munus (muner-), service]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunifacient immunifacient (im´yu-ni-fa´shent)
Making immune after a specific disease. [L. immunis, exempt, + faciens, making, pr. part. of facio]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunity immunity (i-myu´ni-te)
The status or quality of being immune (1).insusceptibility; [L. immunitas (see immune)]
acquired i. resistance resulting from previous exposure of the individual in question to an infectious agent or antigen; it may be active and specific, as a result of naturally acquired (apparent or inapparent) infection or intentional vaccination (artificial active i.); or it may be passive, being acquired from transfer of antibodies from another person or from an animal, either naturally, as from mother to fetus, or by intentional inoculation (artificial passive i.), and, with respect to the particular antibodies transferred, it is specific. Passive, cell-mediated i. produced by the transfer of living lymphoid cells from an immune (allergic or sensitive) animal to a normal one is sometimes referred to as adoptive i.
active i. See acquired i.
adoptive i. See acquired i.
antiviral i. i. resulting from virus infection, either naturally acquired or produced by intentional vaccination; compared to some bacterial i.'s, it is of relatively long duration, but this may be the result of infection-immunity rather than being peculiar to virus infection per se, since it occurs also in bacterial i. after infections such as typhoid fever.
artificial active i. See acquired i.
artificial passive i. See acquired i.
bacteriophage i. the state induced in a bacterium by lysogenization, the lysogenic bacterium being insusceptible to further lysogenization or to a lytic cycle by a superinfecting bacteriophage, in contradistinction to bacteriophage resistance.
cell-mediated i. (CMI) , cellular i. immune responses which are initiated by T lymphocytes and mediated by T lymphocytes, macrophages, or both (e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity).delayed hypersensitivity (1) ;
concomitant i. infection i
general i. i. associated with widely diffused mechanisms that tend to protect the body as a whole, as compared with local i.
group i. herd i
herd i. the resistance to invasion and spread of an infectious agent in a group or community, based on the resistance to infection of a high proportion of individual members of the group; resistance is a product of the number susceptible and the probability that susceptibles will come into contact with an infected person.group i;
humoral i. i. associated with circulating antibodies, in contradistinction to cellular i.
infection i. the paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection.concomitant i;
innate i. resistance manifested by a species (or by races, families, and individuals in a species) that has not been immunized (sensitized, allergized) by previous infection or vaccination; much of it results from body mechanisms that are poorly understood, but are different from those responsible for the altered reactivity associated with the specific nature of acquired i.; in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. See also self.natural i., nonspecific i;
local i. a natural or acquired i. to certain infectious agents, as manifested by an organ or a tissue, as a whole or in part.
maternal i. i. acquired by a fetus because of the presence of maternal IgG that passes through the placenta.
natural i. , nonspecific i. innate i
passive i. See acquired i.
relative i. a modified, not completely effective resistance that results when there is a sort of "fluctuating equilibrium" between the defense mechanisms of the host and the infective agent.
specific i. the immune status in which there is an altered reactivity directed solely against the antigenic determinants (infectious agent or other) that stimulated it. See acquired i.
specific active i. See acquired i.
specific passive i. See acquired i.
stress i. insusceptibility or resistance to the effects of emotional strain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunization immunization
Protection of susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by administration of a living modified agent (e.g., yellow fever vaccine), a suspension of killed organisms (e.g., pertussis vaccine), or an inactivated toxin (e.g., tetanus). See also vaccination, allergization.
active i. the production of active immunity.
passive i. the production of passive immunity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunize immunize (im´yu-nIz)
To render immune.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immuno- immuno-
Immune, immunity. [L. immunis, immune]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoadjuvant immunoadjuvant (im´yu-no-ad´ju-vant)
See adjuvant (2).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoagglutination immunoagglutination (im´yu-no-a-glu-ti-na´shun)
Specific agglutination effected by antibody.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoassay immunoassay (im´yu-no-as´a)
Detection and assay of substances by serological (immunological) methods; in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. See also radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoelectrophoresis, immunologic pregnancy test.immunochemical assay;
double antibody i. double antibody precipitation
enzyme i. any of several i. methods that use an enzyme covalently linked to an antigen or antibody as a label; the most common types are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT). See also enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme-multiplied i. technique.
enzyme-multiplied i. technique (EMIT) a type of i. in which the ligand is labeled with an enzyme, and the enzyme-ligand-antibody complex is enzymatically inactive, allowing quantitation of unlabeled ligand. See also competitive binding assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
solid phase i. i. in which the antigen or serum is bound to a solid surface, such as a microplate wall or the sides of a tube, the other reactants being free in solution.
thin-layer i. a method for detection of antigen-antibody reactions, applicable to detection of either antigen or antibody, based on the fact that either reactant, when added to a polystyrene surface (such as a well in a polystyrene plate) is adsorbed as a thin layer and acts as an immunosorbent capable of binding with the second reactant.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunobiology immunobiology (im´u-no-bI-ol-o-ije)
The study of the immune factors that affect the growth, development, and health of biological organisms.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoblast immunoblast (im´yu-no-blast)
An antigenically stimulated lymphocyte; a large cell with well-defined basophilic cytoplasm, a large nucleus with prominent nuclear membrane, distinct nucleoli, and clumped chromatin. See also lymphocyte transformation. [immuno- + G. blastos, germ]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoblot immunoblot , immunoblotting (im′u-no-blot, -blot´ing)
Process by which antigens can be separated by electrophoresis and allowed to adhere onto nitrocellulose sheets where they bind nonspecifically and then are subsequently identified by staining with appropriately labeled antibodies. See also Western blot analysis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoblotting immunoblotting
See immunoblot.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunochemistry immunochemistry (im´yu-no-kem´is-tre)
The field of chemistry concerned with chemical aspects of immunologic phenomena, e.g., chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues, chemical studies of antigens and antibody.chemoimmunology;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocompetence immunocompetence (im´yu-no-kom´pe-tens)
The ability to produce a normal immune response.immunological competence;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocompetent immunocompetent (im´yu-no-kom´pe-tent)
Possessing the ability to mount a normal immune response.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocomplex immunocomplex
Complexes of antibody and antigen. See immune complex.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocompromised immunocompromised (im´yu-no-kom´pro-mIzd)
Denoting an individual whose immunologic mechanism is deficient either because of an immunodeficiency disorder or because it has been rendered so by immunosuppressive agents.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoconglutinin immunoconglutinin (im´yu-no-kon-glu´ti-nin)
An autoantibody-like immunoglobulin (IgM) formed in animals (or man) against their own complement following injection of complement-containing complexes or sensitized bacteria.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocyte immunocyte (im´yu-no-sIt)
An immunologically competent leukocyte capable, actively or potentially, of producing antibodies or reacting in cell-mediated immunity reactions. See also I cell. [immuno- + G. kytos, cell]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocytoadherence immunocytoadherence (im´u-no-sI´to-ad-her´ens)
A method for determining cell surface properties, in which immunoglobulin or receptors on the surface of one cell population cause cells with corresponding molecular configurations on their surface to adhere in rosettes around the cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunocytochemistry immunocytochemistry (im´yu-no-sI-to-kem´is-tre)
The study of cell constituents by immunologic methods, such as the use of fluorescent antibodies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodeficiency immunodeficiency (im´yu-no-de-fish´en-se)
A condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism; may be primary (due to a defect in the immune mechanism itself) or secondary (dependent upon another disease process), specific (due to a defect in either the B-lymphocyte or the T-lymphocyte system, or both), or nonspecific (due to a defect in one or another component of the nonspecific immune mechanism: the complement, properdin, or phagocytic system).immune deficiency, immunity deficiency, immunological deficiency;
cellular i. with abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis an ill-defined group of sporadic disorders of unknown cause, occurring in both males and females and associated with recurrent bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and viral infections; there is thymic hypoplasia with depressed cellular (T-lymphocyte) immunity combined with defective humoral (B-lymphocyte) immunity, although immunoglobulin levels may be normal.Nezelof syndrome, Nezelof type of thymic alymphoplasia;
combined i. i. of both the B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
common variable i. [MIM*240500] i. of unknown cause, and usually unclassifiable; usually occurs after age 15 years but may occur at any age in either sex; the total quantity of immunoglobulin is commonly less than 300 mg/dl; the number of B-lymphocytes is often within normal limits but there is a lack of plasma cells in lymphoid tissue; cellular (T-lymphocyte) immunity is usually intact; there is an increased susceptibility to pyogenic infection and often autoimmune disease.acquired agammaglobulinemia, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia;
phagocytic dysfunction i. suppression in number or function of phagocytic cells such as in chronic granulomatous disease.phagocytic dysfunction disorders i;
phagocytic dysfunction disorders i. phagocytic dysfunction i
secondary i. i. in which there is no evident defect in the lymphoid tissues, but rather hypercatabolism or loss of immunoglobulins such as occurs in familial idiopathic hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia or in defects associated with the nephrotic syndrome.secondary agammaglobulinemia, secondary antibody deficiency, secondary hypogammaglobulinemia;
severe combined i. (SCID) [MIM*202500 & MIM*300400] 1. absence of both humoral (antibody) and cellular immunity with alymphoplasia or lymphopenia (both B-type and T-type lymphocytes), associated with marked susceptibility to infection by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, and to progressive disease from live vaccines; death occurs usually before the end of the first year of life, although bone marrow transplants have been effective; both X-linked recessive and autosomal recessive forms occur; autosomal recessive mutation that results in a severe i. SCID can be inherited as either an X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive. About one-half of those with autosomal recessive SCID have adenosine deaminase deficiency. i.'s disease individuals have a deficiency of adenosine deaminase; there is also an X-linked severe combined i. with a major histocompatability class I and/or class II deficiency; 2. SCID mice lack mature T- and B- cells and are therefore used for transplantation and study of human lymphoid tissues resulting in a SCID-human mouse chimera.Swiss type agammaglobulinemia;
i. with elevated IgM i. with reduced IgG and IgA-bearing cells; there is recurrent pyogenic infection; X-linked in some families.
i. with hypoparathyroidism DiGeorge syndromethymic hypoplasia;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodeficient immunodeficient (im´yu-no-de-fish´ent)
Lacking in some essential function of the immune system.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodepressant immunodepressant (im´yu-no-de-pres´ant)
immunosuppressant



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodepressor immunodepressor (im´yu-no-de-pres´or, -or)
immunosuppressant



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodiagnosis immunodiagnosis (im´yu-no-dI-ag-no´sis)
The process of determining specified immunologic characteristics of individuals or of cells, serum, or other biologic specimens.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunodiffusion immunodiffusion (im´yu-no-di-fyu´zhun, i-myu´no-)
A technique of study of antigen-antibody reactions by observing precipitates formed by combination of specific antigen and antibodies which have diffused in a gel in which they have been separately placed.
double i. See gel diffusion precipitin tests in two dimensions, under test.
radial i. (RID) See gel diffusion precipitin tests in two dimensions, under test.
single i. See gel diffusion precipitin tests in one dimension, under test, gel diffusion precipitin tests in two dimensions, under test.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoelectrophoresis immunoelectrophoresis (im´yu-no-e-lek´tro-fo-re´sis)
A kind of precipitin test in which the components of one group of immunological reactants (usually a mixture of antigens) are first separated on the basis of electrophoretic mobility in agar or other medium, the separated components then being identified, by means of the technique of double diffusion, on the basis of precipitates formed by reaction with components of the other group of reactants (antibodies).
crossed i. two-dimensional i
rocket i. a quantitative method for serum proteins which involves electrophoresis of antigen into a gel containing antibody; the technique is restricted to detection of antigens that move to the positive pole on electrophoresis. See electroimmunodiffusion.
two-dimensional i. a combination of conventional electrophoretic separation and electroimmunodiffusion; electrophoresis is first carried out, then the electrophoretic strip is placed on a second slide and an antibody-containing agarose solution is allowed to solidify adjacent to it; electrophoresis is then performed at right angles to the original separation.crossed i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoenhancement immunoenhancement (im´yu-no-en-hans´ment)
In immunology, the potentiating effect of specific antibody in establishing and in delaying rejection of a tumor allograft; aside from antibody, nonspecific substances may also act to enhance immune response.immunological enhancement;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoenhancer immunoenhancer (im´yu-no-en-hans´er)
Any specific or nonspecific substance that increases the degree of the immune response.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoferritin immunoferritin (im´yu-no-fer´i-tin)
Antibody-ferritin conjugate used to identify specific antigen by electron microscopy.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunofluorescence immunofluorescence (im´yu-no-flur-es´ens, i-myu´no-)
An immunohistochemical technique using labeling of antibodies by fluorescein, or rhodamine, isothiocyanates to identify bacterial, viral, or other antigenic material specific for the labeled antibody; the specific binding of antibody can be determined microscopically through the production of a characteristic visible light by the application of ultraviolet rays to the preparation. See also fluorescent antibody technique.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunogen immunogen (i-myu´no-jen)
antigen
behavioral i. not smoking, regular exercise, and related health-enhancing personal habits and lifestyle of an individual which are associated with a decreased risk of physical illness and dysfunction, and with greater longevity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunogenetics immunogenetics (im´yu-no-je-net´iks)
The study of the genetics of transplantation and tissue rejection, histochemical loci, immunologic response, immunoglobulin structure, and immunosuppression.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunogenic immunogenic (im´yu-no-jen´ik)
antigenic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunogenicity immunogenicity (im´yu-no-je-nis´i-te)
antigenicity



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoglobulin (Ig) immunoglobulin (Ig) (im´yu-no-glob´yu-lin) [MIM*146880-146910]
One of a class of structurally related proteins, each consisting of two pairs of polypeptide chains, one pair of light (L) [low molecular weight] chains (kappa or lambda), and one pair of heavy (H) chains (gamma, a, delta, and epsi), all four linked together by disulfide bonds. On the basis of the structural and antigenic properties of the H chains, Ig's are classified (in order of relative amounts present in normal human serum) as IgG (7 S in size, 80%), IgA (10 to 15%), IgM (19 S, a pentamer of the basic unit, 5 to 10%), IgD (less than 0.1%), and IgE (less than 0.01%). All of these classes are homogeneous and susceptible to amino acid sequence analysis. Each class of H chain can associate with either kappa or lambda L chains. Subclasses of Ig's, based on differences in the H chains, are referred to as IgG1, etc.
When split by papain, IgG yields three pieces: the Fc piece, consisting of the C-terminal portion of the H chains, with no antibody activity but capable of fixing complement, and crystallizable; and two identical Fab pieces, carrying the antigen-binding sites and each consisting of an L chain bound to the remainder of an H chain.
Antibodies are Ig's, and all Ig's probably function as antibodies. However, Ig refers not only to the usual antibodies, but also to a great number of pathological proteins classified as myeloma proteins, which appear in multiple myeloma along with Bence Jones proteins, myeloma globulins, and Ig fragments.
From the amino acid sequences of Bence Jones proteins, it is known that all L chains are divided into a region of variable sequence (VL) and one of constant sequence (CL), each comprising about half the length of the L chain. The constant regions of all human L chains of the same type (kappa or lambda) are identical except for a single amino acid substitution, under genetic controls. H chains are similarly divided, although the VH region, while similar in length to the VL region, is only one-third or one-fourth the length of the CH region. Binding sites are a combination of VL and VH protein regions. The large number of possible combinations of L and H chains make up the "libraries" of antibodies of each individual.
anti-D i. RHo(D) immune globulin
chickenpox i. chickenpox immune globulin (human)
i. domains structural units of i. heavy or light chains that are composed of approximately 110 amino acids. Light chains of an i. are composed of one constant domain and one variable domain. Heavy chains are composed of either three or four constant domains and one variable domain.
i. G subclass deficiency a rare inherited disorder in which there are reduced levels of one or more IgG subclasses resulting from defective heavy chain genes or an abnormality in the regulation of i. isotype switching.
human normal i. human gamma globulin
measles i. measles immune globulin (human)
monoclonal i. a homogenous i. resulting from the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells and which, during electrophoresis of serum, appears as a narrow band or "spike"; it is characterized by heavy chains of a single class and subclass, and light chains of a single type.M protein (2), monoclonal protein, paraprotein (2) ;
pertussis i. pertussis immune globulin
poliomyelitis i. poliomyelitis immune globulin (human)
rabies i. rabies immune globulin (human)
Rho(D) i. RHo(D) immune globulin
secretory i. usually IgA but may be IgM linked to a secretory component and found in mucous secretions.
secretory i. A a subclass of IgA that is found primarily in secretions such as tears and colostrum. This form of IgA is protected from proteolytic degradation by the presence of a secretory component.
selective i. A deficiency an inherited disorder in which there is a markedly reduced or absent IgA, resulting in immature IgA-bearing B cells.
tetanus i. tetanus immune globulin
thyroid-stimulating i.'s (TSI) in Graves' disease, the antibodies to TSH receptors in the thyroid gland. These antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes and stimulate the receptors, causing hyperthyroidism. Formerly known as LATS (long-acting thyroid stimulator).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunohematology immunohematology (im´yu-no-he-ma-tol´o-je, i-myu´no-)
That division of hematology concerned with immune, or antigen-antibody reactions and with related changes in the blood.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry (im´yu-no-his´to-kem´is-tre)
Demonstration of specific antigens in tissues by the use of markers that are either fluorescent dyes or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunolocalization immunolocalization (im´u-no-lo´cal-I-za-shun)
Refers to use of immunological techniques, including specific antibody, to identify the location of molecules or structures within cells or tissues.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunologist immunologist (im-yu-nol´o-jist)
A specialist in the science of immunology.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunology immunology (im´yu-nol´o-je)
1. The science concerned with the various phenomena of immunity, induced sensitivity, and allergy. 2. Study of the structure and function of the immune system. [immuno- + G. logos, study]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunomodulatory immunomodulatory (im´yu-no-mod´u-la-to-re)
1. Capable of modifying or regulating one or more immune functions. 2. An immunological adjustment, regulation, or potentiation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunopathology immunopathology (im´yu-no-pa-thol´o-je, i-myu´no-)
The study of diseases or conditions resulting from immune reactions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunopotentiation immunopotentiation (im´yu-no-po-ten-she-a´shun)
Enhancement of the immune response by increasing its rate or prolonging its duration.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunopotentiator immunopotentiator (im´yu-no-po-ten´she-a-tor)
Any of a wide variety of specific or nonspecific substances which on inoculation enhances or augments an immune response.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation (im´yu-no-pre-sip-i-ta´shun)
The phenomenon of aggregation of sensitized antigen upon addition of specific antibody (precipitin) to antigen in solution.immune precipitation;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoreaction immunoreaction (im´yu-no-re-ak´shun)
An immunologic reaction, especially in vitro between antigen and antibody.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoreactive immunoreactive (im´yu-no-re-ak´tiv)
Denoting or exhibiting immunoreaction.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunoselection immunoselection (im´yu-no-se-lek´shun)
1. Selective death or survival of fetuses of different genotypes depending on immunologic incompatibility with the mother. 2. The survival of certain cells depending on their surface antigenicity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosorbent immunosorbent (im´yu-no-sor´bent)
An antibody (or antigen) used to remove specific antigen (or antibody) from solution or suspension; commonly used with reference to antibody bound to a particulate substance such as a dextran polymer used to remove soluble antigen (e.g., insulin) from solution.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosuppressant immunosuppressant (im´yu-no-su-pres´ant)
An agent that induces immunosuppression.immunodepressant, immunodepressor, immunosuppressive (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosuppression immunosuppression (im´yu-no-su-presh´un)
Prevention or interference with the development of immunologic response; may reflect natural immunologic unresponsiveness (tolerance), may be artificially induced by chemical, biological, or physical agents, or may be caused by disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosuppressive immunosuppressive (im´yu-no-su-pres´iv)
1. Denoting or inducing immunosuppression. 2. immunosuppressant



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosurveillance immunosurveillance (im´u-no-ser-va´lance)
Theory that holds that the immune system eliminates tumor cells that arise spontaneously.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunosympathectomy immunosympathectomy (im´yu-no-sim´pa-thek´to-me)
Inhibition of development of sympathetic ganglia induced in newborn animals by injection of antiserum specific for the protein which selectively enhances growth of sympathetic neurons.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunotherapy immunotherapy (im´yu-no-thar´a-pe)
Originally, therapeutic administration of serum or gamma globulin containing preformed antibodies produced by another individual; currently, i. includes nonspecific systemic stimulation, adjuvants, active specific i., and adoptive i. New forms of immunotherapy include the use of monoclonal antibodies.biological i; This approach has been widely adopted by cancer specialists, often in cases which fail to respond to other treatment. Immunotherapy aims to boost immune system function, as with the administration of interferons and interleukin-2, or to attack cancerous cells directly, as with the injection of monoclonal antibodies. Various immunotherapeutic techniques have also been employed among AIDS patients. In addition, a number of alternative medical practices are claimed to enhance immune function, and various over-the-counter substances (e.g., goldenseal, lysine have gained popularity for this supposed property.
adoptive i. passive transfer of immunity from an immune donor through inoculation of sensitized lymphocytes, transfer factor, immune RNA, or antibodies in serum or gamma globulin.
biological i. immunotherapy



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunotolerance immunotolerance (im´yu-no-tol´er-ans)
immunologic tolerance



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

immunotransfusion immunotransfusion (im´yu-no-trans-fyu´zhun, i-myu´no-)
An indirect transfusion in which the donor is first immunized by means of injections of an antigen prepared from microorganisms isolated from the recipient; later, the donor's blood is collected, defibrinated, and then administered to the patient; the latter is then presumably passively immunized by means of antibody formed in the donor, e.g., antibody that reacts with the microorganisms in the patient.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imolamine imolamine (i-mol´a-men)
4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]-5-imino-3-phenyl-&Udelta;2-1,2,4-oxadiazoline;used for relief of angina pectoris.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IMP IMP
Abbreviation for inosine 5´-monophosphate.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impact impact
1. (im´pakt) The forcible striking of one body against another. 2. (im-pakt´) To press closely together so as to render immovable. [L. impingo, pp. -pactus, to strike at (in + pango), fasten, drive in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impacted impacted (im-pak´ted)
Wedged or pressed closely so as to be immovable.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impaction impaction (im-pak´shun)
The process or condition of being impacted.
dental i. confinement of a tooth in the alveolus and prevention of its eruption into normal position. See also impacted tooth.
fecal i. an immovable collection of compressed or hardened feces in the colon or rectum.
food i. the forcible wedging of food between adjacent teeth during mastication, producing gingival recession and pocket formation.
mucus i. filling of the proximal bronchi, and also the bronchioles, with mucus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impairment impairment (im-par´ment)
A physical or mental defect at the level of a body system or organ. The official WHO definition is: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
mental i. a disorder characterized by the display of an intellectual defect, as manifested by diminished cognitive, interpersonal, social, and vocational effectiveness and quantitatively evaluated by psychological examination and assessment.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imparidigitate imparidigitate (im-par-i-dij´i-tat)
perissodactyl (1) [L. impar, unequal, + digitus, digit]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IMP-aspartate ligase IMP-aspartate ligase
adenylosuccinate synthase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impatent impatent (im-pat´ent, im-pa´tent)
Not patent; closed.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impedance impedance (im-pe´dans)
1. Total opposition to flow. When flow is steady, i. is simply the resistance, e.g., the driving pressure per unit flow; when flow is changing, i. also includes the factors that oppose changes in flow. Thus, deviations of i., from simple ohmic resistance because of the effects of capacitance and inductance, become more important in alternating current as the frequency of oscillations increases. In fluid analogies (e.g., pulsatile flow of blood, to-and-fro flow of respiratory gas), i. depends not only on viscous resistance but also upon compressibility, compliance, inertance, and the frequency of imposed oscillations. 2. Resistance of an acoustic system to being set in motion.
acoustic i. the resistance that a material offers to the passage of a sound wave (colloquial); a property of a medium computed as the product of density and sound propagation speed (characteristic acoustic i.). Discontinuities in acoustic i. are responsible for the echoes on which ultrasound imaging is based. Unit: the rayl.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imperception imperception (im-per-sep´shun)
Inability to form a mental image of an object by combining the sensory data obtained therefrom. [L. in-, not, + per-cipio, pp. -ceptus, to perceive]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imperforate imperforate (im-per´for-at)
atretic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imperforation imperforation (im-per-for-a´shun)
Condition of being atretic, occluded, or closed; indicated in compound words by the prefix atreto- or the suffix -atresia. [L. im- neg. + per-foro, pp. -atus, to bore through]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impermeable impermeable (im-per´me-a-bl)
Not permeable; not permitting the passage of substances (e.g., liquids, gases) or heat through a membrane or other structure.impervious; [L. im- permeabilis, not to be passed through]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impermeant impermeant (im-per´me-ant)
Unable to pass through a particular semipermeable membrane. [L. im-, neg., + permano, to penetrate]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impersistence impersistence (im-per-sis´tens)
A transitory existence or occurrence, lasting only a short time. [L. im-, neg. + persisto, to persist]
motor i. inability to sustain a movement.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impervious impervious (im-per´ve-us)
impermeable



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impetiginization impetiginization (im´pe-tij´i-ni-za´shun)
The occurrence of impetigo in an area of preexisting dermatosis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impetiginous impetiginous (im-pe-tij´i-nus)
Relating to impetigo.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impetigo impetigo (im-pe-tI´go)
A contagious superficial pyoderma, caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Group A streptococci, that begins with a superficial flaccid vesicle which ruptures and forms a thick yellowish crust, most commonly occurring on the face of children.crusted tetter, i. contagiosa, i. vulgaris; [L. a scabby eruption, fr. im-peto (inp-), to rush upon, attack]
Bockhart's i. follicular i
i. bullo´sa i. with lesions of large size, forming bullae.
bullous i. of newborn usually, widely disseminated bullous lesions appearing soon after birth, caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus.i. neonatorum (2), pemphigus gangrenosus (2) ;
i. circina´ta a ringlike configuration of bullous lesions of i. formed by confluence of several bullae or by the rupture of a single lesion with crusting of the periphery.
i. contagio´sa impetigo
i. contagio´sa bullo´sa discrete purulent skin lesions occasionally seen with streptococcal pyoderma.
i. eczemato´des eczema pustulosum
follicular i. a superficial follicular pustular eruption involving the scalp or other hairy area.Bockhart's i., superficial pustular perifolliculitis;
i. herpetifor´mis a rare pyoderma, occurring most commonly in pregnant women in the third trimester, as an eruption of small closely aggregated pustules developing upon an inflammatory base and accompanied by severe constitutional symptoms and fetal death.
i. neonato´rum 1. dermatitis exfoliativa infantum 2. bullous i. of newborn
i. vulga´ris impetigo



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impetus impetus (im´pe-tus)
In psychoanalysis, the motor element of an instinct; the amount of force of the individual's energy which the instinctive impulse demands. [L. an onset, fr. im-peto, to attack]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

implant implant
1. (im-plant´) To graft or insert. 2. (im´plant) Material inserted or grafted into tissues. See also graft, transplant. 3. In dentistry, a graft or insert set in or onto the alveolar recess prepared for its insertion. See also implant denture. 4. In orthopaedics, a metallic or plastic device employed in joint reconstruction. [L. im-, in, + planto, pp. -atus, to plant, fr. planta, a sprout, shoot]
bag-gel i. an i. composed of a silicone rubber bag containing a silicone gel; used in augmentation mammaplasty.
carcinomatous i.'s transference of carcinoma cells from a primary tumor to adjacent tissues where growth continues.
cochlear i. an electronic device implanted under the skin with electrodes in the middle ear on the promontory or cochlear window or in the inner ear in the cochlea to create sound sensation in total sensory deafness.cochlear prosthesis; A microphone behind the ear feeds sound waves into a microprocessor carried on the body, which analyzes the data and sends information back to a radio transmitter that triggers the electrodes in the middle or inner ear to produce the appropriate electrical pulses. This does not enable the patient actually to hear, but rather to distinguish different sounds according to the neural sensation they produce. The first successful cochlear implant was performed in 1978 in Melbourne, Australia. Such devices are among many implanted aids which have been made possible by the advent of microchip technology.
dental i.'s crowns, bridges, or dentures attached permanently to the jaw by means of metal anchors, most frequently titanium posts.The implant technique was developed in the 1950s but not widely adopted until 30 years later. Since 1986, when dentists performed 115,000 implant procedures, demand has risen. In 1990, 435,000 implants were done. The most common approach takes up to 8 months. First, the teeth to be replaced are removed. After as long as 2 months for healing, holes are drilled in the jawbone under local anesthetic and cylindrical titanium implants are screwed into them. Within 3 to 6 months, bone fuses around the implants, creating a solid base to which crowns, bridges, or dentures are permanently attached. In a few cases (about 1 in 1,000 according to one study), the bone fails to fuse properly. Also, early implant patients reported chronic infections. Costs remain substantially higher than for conventional dentures.
endometrial i.'s fragments of endometrial mucosa implanted on pelvic structure following retrograde transference through the oviducts.
endo-osseous i. an i. into alveolar bone inserted through the prepared root canal of a tooth in order to increase effective root length.
endosteal i. an i. that is inserted into the alveolar and/or basal bone and protrudes through the mucoperiosteum.
inflatable i. an i. consisting of an empty silicone rubber bag with an inlet tube and a valve; after insertion into or behind the breast, the bag is inflated with a liquid to the desired size; used in augmentation mammaplasty.
intraocular i. a plastic lens placed in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye to substitute for the lens removed in cataract extraction.
magnetic i. a tissue-tolerated, magnetized metal placed within the bone to aid in denture retention; a similar magnet is placed in the overlying denture to complete the field.
orbital i. the glass, plastic, or metal device placed in the muscle cone after enucleation of an eye.
penile i. a rigid, flexible, or inflatable device surgically placed in the corpora cavernosa to produce an erection.
pin i. a type of i. usually rod-shaped, used in the area of the maxillary sinuses.
post i. that portion of an i. substructure that protrudes through the mucosa to connect with the restoration.
silicone i. i. composed of silicone; common form of breast i. for augmentation.
submucosal i. an i. resting beneath the mucosa. See also implant denture.
subperiosteal i. an artificial metal appliance made to conform to the shape of a bone and placed on its surface beneath the periosteum. See implant denture substructure.
supraperiosteal i. an alloplastic graft inserted superficial to the periosteum to change the contour of an area.
testicular i. a device placed surgically in the scrotum in males with absence or severe hypoplasia of the testis.testicular prosthesis;
triplant i. a combination of three pin i.'s to form a single abutment to support or retain a dental prosthesis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

implantation implantation (im-plan-ta´shun)
1. Attachment of the fertilized ovum (blastocyst) to the endometrium, and its subsequent embedding in the compact layer, occurring 6 or 7 days after fertilization of the ovum. 2. Insertion of a natural tooth into an artificially constructed alveolus. 3. Tissue grafting. See also transplantation.
central i. i. in which the blastocyst remains in the uterine cavity, as in carnivores, rhesus monkeys, and rabbits.circumferential i., superficial i;
circumferential i. central i
cortical i. i. of blastocyst in the ovarian cortex, causing an ovarian pregnancy. See ectopic pregnancy.
delayed i. a phenomenon characterized by an interval ranging from a few weeks to approximately 6 months between the time an ovum is fertilized and subsequent i. of the zygote, as in the marten and the armadillo.
eccentric i. i. in which the blastocyst lies in a uterine crypt, as in the mouse, rat, and hamster.
interstitial i. i. in which the blastocyst lies within the substance of the endometrium, as in humans and guinea pigs.
nerve i. planting one nerve into the sheath of another nerve.
pellet i. intramuscular or subcutaneous insertion of an active therapeutic agent in pellet form to provide protracted absorption at a rate slower than subcutaneous or intramuscular injection and as a means of providing a sustained therapeutic effect without repeated administration.
periosteal i. insertion of a normal tendon into a periosteum as part of a tendon transplantation operation.
subcutaneous i. insertion of material under the skin.
superficial i. central i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

implosion implosion (im-plo´shun)
1. A sudden collapse, as of an evacuated vessel, in which there is a bursting inward rather than outward as in explosion. 2. A type of behavior therapy, similar to flooding, during which the patient is given massive exposure to extreme anxiety-arousing stimuli by being asked to describe, and thus relive in his imagination, those life events or situations typically producing these overwhelming emotional reactions. As the patient does so, the therapist attempts to extinguish the future influence of such unconscious material over the patient's behavior and feelings, and previous avoidance responses to the stimuli are replaced by more appropriate responses.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impotence impotence , impotency (im´po-tens, -ten-se)
1. Weakness; lack of power. 2. Specifically, inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection and thus engage in copulation; a manifestation of neurological, vascular, or psychological dysfunction. [L. impotentia, inability, fr. in- neg. + potentia, power]
paretic i. i. caused by a lesion of the nervous system.
psychic i. that caused by psychologic factors.
symptomatic i. i. caused by disturbance of the sensory perineal reflexes.
vasculogenic i. i. due to alterations in the flow of blood to and from the penis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impregnate impregnate (im-preg´nat)
1. To fecundate; to cause to conceive. 2. To diffuse or permeate with another substance. See also saturate. [L. im-, in, + praegnans, with child]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impregnation impregnation (im-preg-na´shun)
1. The act of making pregnant. 2. The process of diffusing or permeating with another substance, as in metallic i. of tissue components with silver nitrate or ammoniacal silver. See also saturation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impressio impressio, pl. impressiones (im-pres´e-o, im-pres-e-o´nez) [NA]
impression [L.]
i. cardi´aca hep´atis [NA] cardiac impression of liver
i. cardi´aca pulmo´nis [NA] cardiac impression of lung
i. col´ica [NA] colic impression
impressio´nes digita´tae [NA] impressions for cerebral gyri
i. duodena´lis [NA] duodenal impression
i. esopha´gea [NA] esophageal impression
i. gas´trica [NA] gastric impression
i. ligamen´ti costoclavicula´ris [NA] impression for costoclavicular ligament
i. petro´sa pal´lii petrosal impression of the pallium
i. rena´lis [NA] renal impression
i. suprarena´lis [NA] suprarenal impression
i. trigemina´lis [NA] trigeminal impression



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impression impression (im-presh´un)
1. A mark seemingly made by pressure of one structure or organ on another. See also groove for the various impressions of the lungs, e.g., descending aorta, subclavian artery and vena cavae. 2. An effect produced upon the mind by some external object acting through the organs of sense.mental i; 3. An imprint or negative likeness; especially, the negative form of the teeth and/or other tissues of the oral cavity, made in a plastic material which becomes relatively hard or set while in contact with these tissues, made in order to reproduce a positive form or cast of the recorded tissues; classified, according to the materials of which they are made, as reversible and irreversible hydrocolloid i., modeling plastic i., plaster i., and wax i.impressio [NA] ; [L. impressio, fr. im- primo, pp. -pressus, to press upon]
basilar i. an invagination of the base of the skull into the posterior fossa with compression of the brainstem and cerebellar structures into the foramen magnum. Cf. platybasia.
cardiac i. of liver a depression on the superior area of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver corresponding to the position of the heart.impressio cardiaca hepatis [NA] ;
cardiac i. of lung the depression on the medial surface of each lung produced by the presence of the heart. It is more pronounced on the left lung.impressio cardiaca pulmonis [NA] ;
i. for cerebral gyri the depressions on the inner surface of the skull which correspond to the convolutions of the brain.impressiones digitatae [NA], digitate i.'s;
colic i. a hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver anteriorly, corresponding to the situation of the right flexure and beginning of the transverse colon.impressio colica [NA] ;
complete denture i. 1. an i. of an edentulous arch made for the purpose of constructing a complete denture; 2. a negative registration of the entire denture-bearing, stabilizing area of either the maxillae or mandible; 3. a negative registration of the entire denture foundation and border seal areas present in the edentulous mouth.
i. for costoclavicular ligament an irregular pitted area on the inferior surface of the clavicle at its sternal end, giving attachment to the costoclavicular ligament.impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis [NA], costal tuberosity, rhomboid i., tuberositas costalis;
deltoid i. deltoid tuberosity
digitate i.'s i. for cerebral gyri
direct bone i. an i. of denuded bone, used in the construction of subperiosteal denture implants.
duodenal i. a hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver alongside the gallbladder, marking the situation of the duodenum.impressio duodenalis [NA] ;
esophageal i. the marking of the esophagus on the back of the left lobe of the liver.impressio esophagea [NA] ;
i.'s of esophagus esophageal constrictions, under constriction
final i. in dentistry, the i. that is used to make the master cast.
gastric i. a hollow on the visceral surface of the left lobe of the liver corresponding to the location of the stomach.impressio gastrica [NA] ;
mental i. impression (2)
partial denture i. an i. or negative copy of all or a part of the partially edentulous dental arch or area, made for the purpose of designing or constructing a partial denture.
petrosal i. of the pallium a shallow impression on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere made by the superior margin of the petrous part of the temporal bone.impressio petrosa pallii;
preliminary i. , primary i. in dentistry, one made for the purpose of diagnosis or the construction of a tray.
renal i. a hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver, in which lies the right kidney.impressio renalis [NA] ;
rhomboid i. i. for costoclavicular ligament
sectional i. an i. that is made in sections.
suprarenal i. a hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver, adjoining the groove for inferior venae cava, in which lies the right suprarenal gland.impressio suprarenalis [NA] ;
trigeminal i. a depression on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, near the apex, lodging the trigeminal ganglion.impressio trigeminalis [NA] ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imprinting imprinting
A particular kind of learning characterized by its occurrence in the first few hours of life, and which determines species-recognition behavior.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impromidine impromidine (im´pro-mI-den)
An agent which is an agonist at H2-type histamine receptors. Causes gastric acid secretion and tachycardia. Actions can be blocked by agents such as cimetidine and ranitidine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impulse impulse (im´puls)
1. A sudden pushing or driving force. 2. A sudden, often unreasoning, determination to perform some act. 3. The action potential of a nerve fiber. [L. im-pello, pp. -pulsus, to push against, impel (inp-)]
apex i. conventionally the lowermost, leftmost area of cardiac pulsation that is usually palpable.
cardiac i. movement of the chest wall produced by cardiac contraction.
ectopic i. an electrical i. from an area of the heart other than the sinus node.
escape i. one or more i.'s (atrial, junctional, or ventricular) arising as a result of delay in the formation or arrival of impulses from the prevailing pacemaker.
irresistible i. a compulsion to act such that one feels or claims it cannot be resisted.
morbid i. an i. that drives one to commit some act, usually of a deviant or forbidden nature, notwithstanding efforts to restrain oneself.
right parasternal i.'s cardiac activity as palpable or recordable just to the right of the sternum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impulsion impulsion (im-pul´shun)
An abnormal urge to perform a certain activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

impulsive impulsive (im-pul´siv)
Relating to or actuated by an impulse, rather than controlled by reason or careful deliberation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

imus imus (I´mus)
Lowest; the most inferior or caudal of several similar structures. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IMV IMV
Abbreviation for intermittent mandatory ventilation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IMViC IMViC
Acronym for indole production, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer reaction, and ability to use citrate as a sole source of carbon (i inserted for euphony); used primarily to differentiate Escherichia coli from Enterobacter aerogenes and related organisms.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

In In
Symbol for indium; inulin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

113mIn 113mIn
Abbreviation for indium-113m.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

111In 111In
Symbol for indium-111.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in- in-
1. Not, akin to G. a-, an- or Eng. un-. 2. In, within, inside. 3. Very; appears as im- before b, p, or m. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inaction inaction (in-ak´shun)
Inactivity, rest, or lack of response to a stimulus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inactivate inactivate (in-ak´ti-vat)
To destroy the biological activity or the effects of an agent or substance, as the activity of complement is destroyed when serum is heated.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inactivation inactivation (in-ak-ti-va´shun)
The process of destroying or removing the activity or the effects of an agent or substance; e.g., the complementary effect of a serum may be destroyed by means of i. at 56°C for 30 min.
insertional i. a technique of recombinant DNA technology used to select bacteria that carry recombinant plasmids; a fragment of foreign DNA is inserted into a restriction site within a gene for antibiotic resistance, thus causing that gene to become nonfunctional.
X i. See lyonization.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inanimate inanimate (in-an´i-mat)
Not alive. [L. in- neg. + anima, breath, soul]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inanition inanition (in´a-nish´un)
Severe weakness and wasting as occurs from lack of food, defect in assimilation, or neoplastic disease. [L. inanis, empty]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inapparent inapparent (in´a-par´ent)
Not apparent; beneath the threshold of clinical recognition, as an inapparent infection.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inappetence inappetence (in-ap´e-tens)
Lack of desire or of craving. [L. in- neg. + ap-peto, pp. -petitus, to strive after, long for (adp-)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inarticulate inarticulate (in-ar-tik´yu-lit)
1. Not articulate in the form of intelligible speech. 2. Unable to satisfactorily express oneself in words.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inassimilable inassimilable (in-a-sim´il-a-bl)
Not assimilable; not capable of undergoing assimilation. See assimilation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inattention inattention (in-a-ten´shun)
Lack of attention; negligence.
selective i. an aspect of attentiveness in which a person attempts to ignore or avoid perceiving that which generates anxiety.
sensory i. the inability to feel a tactile stimulus when a similar stimulus, presented simultaneously in a homologous area of the body, is perceived.
visual i. the inability to perceive a photic stimulus in a visual field when a similar but perceived stimulus is presented simultaneously in the homologous field.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inborn inborn (in´born)
Implanted during development in utero. In the specific context of i. error of metabolism, it connotes a genetic disruption of an enzyme. See inborn errors of metabolism, under error.innate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inbred inbred
Denoting populations (groups, genetic lines, etc.) descended over several generations almost exclusively from a small set of ancestors, and hence having a high rate of consanguinity, often occult.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inbreeding inbreeding (in´bred-ing)
1. Mating between organisms that are genetically more closely related than organisms selected at random from the population. 2. A practice of mating animals that are closely related. The term is clearly relative to how the population is defined; the higher the i. in the population, the less it will lie in the individual mating.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incarcerated incarcerated (in-kar´ser-a-ted)
Confined; imprisoned; trapped. [L. in, in, + carcero, pp. -atus, to imprison, fr. carcer, prison]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incarnant incarnant (in-kar´nant)
Promoting or accelerating the granulation of a wound.incarnative; [L. incarno, fr. in + caro (carn-), flesh]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incarnative incarnative (in-kar´na-tiv)
incarnant



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incendiarism incendiarism (in-sen´di-a-rizm)
pyromania [L. incendiarius, causing a conflagration]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incentive incentive (in-sen´tiv)
In experimental psychology, an object or goal of motivated behavior. [LL. incentivus, provocative]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incertae sedis incertae sedis (in-ser´te se´dis)
Of uncertain or doubtful affiliation or doubtful position, said of organisms in taxonomic classifications. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incest incest (in´sest)
1. Sexual relations between persons closely related by blood, especially between parents and children, brother and sister. 2. The crime of sexual relations between persons related by blood, where such cohabitation is prohibited by law. [L. incestus, unchaste, fr. in-, not, + castus, chaste]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incestuous incestuous (in-ses´chu-us)
1. Pertaining to incest. 2. Guilty of incest.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incidence incidence (in´si-dens)
1. The number of specified new events, e.g., persons falling ill with a specified disease, during a specified period in a specified population. 2. In optics, intersection of a ray of light with a surface. [L. incido, to fall into or upon, to happen]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incident incident (in´si-dent)
Going toward; impinging upon, as incident rays. [L. incido, pp. -casus, to fall into, to meet with]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incidentaloma incidentaloma (in´sI-den-ta-lo´ma)
Mass lesion, usually of the adrenal gland, serendipitously noted during computerized tomographic examinations performed for other reasons. [incidental + -oma, tumor]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incisal incisal (in-sI´zal)
Cutting; relating to the cutting edges of the incisor and cuspid teeth. [L. incido, pp. -cisus, to cut into]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incise incise (in-sIz´)
To cut with a knife.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incision incision (in-sizh´un)
A cut; a surgical wound; a division of the soft parts made with a knife. [L. incisio]
bucket-handle i. a bilateral subcostal abdominal i.
celiotomy i. an i. through the abdominal wall.
chevron i. a bilateral subcostal i. in the abdomen, in the shape of an inverted "V"; used in upper gastrointestinal, renal, or adrenal surgery.
collar i. a cervical incision, placed one to two fingerbreadths above the sternal notch, that is frequently used for thyroid or parathyroid surgery.
Deaver's i. an i. in the right lower abdominal quadrant, with medial displacement of the rectus muscle.
Dührssen's i.'s three surgical i.'s of an incompletely dilated cervix, corresponding roughly to 2, 6, and 10 o'clock, used as a means of effecting immediate delivery of the fetus.
endaural i. i. through the external auditory canal to permit mastoid surgery.
Fergusson's i. an i. used in maxillectomy, along the junction of cheek and nose, to bisect the upper lip.
flank i. an i. usually made near and parallel to the twelfth rib between the iliac crest on the lower side and the ribs on the upper.
Kocher's i. an i. parallel with right costal margin.
McBurney's i. an i. parallel with the course of the external oblique muscle, one or two inches cephalad to the anterior superior spine of the ilium.
midline i. a vertical abdominal i. placed in the midline aponeurosis between the two sheaths of the rectus muscles of the abdomen.
paramedian i. an i. lateral to the midline.
Pfannenstiel's i. an i. made transversely, and through the external sheath of the recti muscles, about an inch above the pubes, the muscles being split or separated in the direction of their fibers.
transverse abdominal i. an abdominal i. that is placed perpendicular to the axis of the rectus muscles of the abdomen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incisive incisive (in-sI´siv)
1. Cutting; having the power to cut. 2. Relating to the incisor teeth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incisor incisor (in-sI´zor)
One of the cutting teeth, i. teeth, four in number in each jaw at the apex of the dental arch. [L. incido, to cut into]
central i. the first tooth in the maxilla and mandible on either side of the midsagittal plane of the head.
lateral i. second i
scalpriform i.'s the cutting or gnawing i.'s of a rodent.
second i. second maxillary or mandibular permanent or deciduous tooth on either side of the midsagittal plane of the head.lateral i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incisura incisura, pl. incisurae (in´sI-su´ra, in´si-su´re) [NA]
notch [L. a cutting into]
i. acetab´uli [NA] acetabular notch
i. angula´ris [NA] angular notch
i. ante´rior au´ris [NA] anterior notch of ear
i. ap´icis cor´dis [NA] notch of apex of heart
i. cardi´aca [NA] cardiac notch
i. cardi´aca pulmo´nis sinis´tri [NA] cardiac notch of left lung
incisurae cartilag´inis mea´tus acus´tici exter´ni [NA] notches in cartilage of external acoustic meatus, under notch
i. cerebel´li ante´rior anterior cerebellar notch
i. cerebel´li poste´rior posterior cerebellar notch
i. clavicula´ris [NA] clavicular notch of sternum
i. costa´lis [NA] costal notch
i. ethmoida´lis [NA] ethmoidal notch
i. fibula´ris [NA] fibular notch
i. fronta´lis [NA] frontal notch
i. interarytenoi´dea [NA] interarytenoid notch
i. intertrag´ica [NA] intertragic notch
i. ischiad´ica ma´jor [NA] greater sciatic notch
i. ischiad´ica mi´nor [NA] lesser sciatic notch
i. jugula´ris os´sis occipita´lis [NA] jugular notch of occipital bone
i. jugula´ris os´sis tempora´lis [NA] jugular notch of temporal bone
i. jugula´ris sterna´lis [NA] suprasternal notch
i. lacrima´lis [NA] lacrimal notch
i. ligamen´ti tere´tis hep´atis [NA] notch for round ligament of liver
i. mandib´ulae [NA] mandibular notch
i. mastoi´dea [NA] mastoid groove
i. nasa´lis [NA] nasal notch
i. pancrea´tis [NA] pancreatic notch
i. parieta´lis [NA] parietal notch
i. preoccipita´lis [NA] preoccipital notch
i. pterygoi´dea [NA] pterygoid fissure
i. radia´lis [NA] radial notch
i. rivi´ni tympanic notch
incisurae santori´ni notches in cartilage of external acoustic meatus, under notch
i. scap´ulae [NA] scapular notch
i. semiluna´ris ul´nae trochlear notch
i. sphenopalati´na [NA] sphenopalatine notch
i. supraorbita´lis [NA] supraorbital notch See also supraorbital foramen.
i. tento´rii [NA] tentorial notch
i. termina´lis au´ris [NA] terminal notch of auricle
i. thyroi´dea infe´rior [NA] inferior thyroid notch
i. thyroi´dea supe´rior [NA] superior thyroid notch
i. trag´ica intertragic notch
i. trochlea´ris [NA] trochlear notch
i. tympan´ica [NA] tympanic notch
i. ulna´ris [NA] ulnar notch
i. umbilica´lis notch for round ligament of liver
i. vertebra´lis [NA] vertebral notch



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incisure incisure (in-sI´zhur)
notch [L. incisura]
Lanterman's i.'s Schmidt-Lanterman i.'s
Rivinus' i. tympanic notch
Santorini's i.'s notches in cartilage of external acoustic meatus, under notch
Schmidt-Lanterman i.'s funnel-shaped interruptions in the regular structure of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, formerly interpreted as actual breaks in the sheath but shown by electron microscopy to correspond each to a strand of cytoplasm locally separating the two otherwise fused oligodendroglial (or, in peripheral nerves, Schwann cell) membranes composing the myelin sheath.Lanterman's i.'s, Schmidt-Lanterman clefts;
tympanic i. tympanic notch



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inclinatio inclinatio, pl. inclinationes (in´kli-na´she-o, -na-she-o´nez)
inclination [L.]
i. pel´vis [NA] inclination of pelvis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inclination inclination (in-kli-na´shun)
1. A leaning or sloping. 2. In dentistry, deviation of the long axis of a tooth from the perpendicular.inclinatio, version (3) ; [L. inclinatio, a leaning]
condylar guidance i. the angle of i. of the condylar guidance to an accepted horizontal plane.
enamel rod i. the direction of the enamel rods with reference to the outer surface of the enamel of a tooth.
lateral condylar i. the direction of the lateral condyle path.
i. of pelvis the angle which the plane of the superior pelvic aperture makes with the horizontal plane.inclinatio pelvis [NA] ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inclinometer inclinometer (in´kli-nom´e-ter)
Obsolete instrument for determining the direction of the ocular axes in astigmatism. [L. in- clino, to incline, + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inclusion inclusion (in-klu´zhun)
1. Any foreign or heterogenous substance contained in a cell or in any tissue or organ, not introduced as a result of trauma. 2. The process by which a foreign or heterogenous structure is misplaced in another tissue. [L. inclusio, a shutting in, fr. in-cludo, pp. -clusis, to close in]
cell i.'s 1. the residual elements of the cytoplasm that are metabolic products of the cell, e.g., pigment granules or crystals;metaplasm; 2. storage materials such as glycogen or fat; 3. engulfed material such as carbon or other foreign substances. See also inclusion bodies, under body.
Döhle i.'s Döhle bodies, under body
fetal i. unequal conjoined twins in which the incompletely developed parasite is wholly enclosed in the autosite.
leukocyte i.'s Döhle bodies, under body



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incoherent incoherent (in-ko-her´ent)
Not coherent; disjointed; confused; denoting a lack of connectedness or organization of parts during verbal expression. [L. in- neg. + co-haereo, pp. -haesus, to cling together, fr. haereo, to stick]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incompatibility incompatibility (in´kom-pat-i-bil´i-te)
The quality of being incompatible.
physiologic i. a form of i. in which the substances in a mixture exert opposing physiologic actions.therapeutic i;
therapeutic i. physiologic i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incompatible incompatible (in-kom-pat´i-bl)
1. Not of suitable composition to be combined or mixed with another agent or substance, without resulting in an undesirable reaction (including chemical alteration or destruction or pharmacological effect). 2. Denoting persons who are unable to associate with one another without resulting anxiety and conflict. 3. Having genotypes that put progeny at high risk of severe recessive disorders or that promote harmful maternal-fetal reaction (e.g., erythroblastosis fetalis is Rh i.). [L. in- neg., + con-, with, + patior, pp. passus, to suffer, tolerate]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incompetence incompetence , incompetency (in-kom´pe-tens, in-kom´pe-ten-se)
1. The quality of being incompetent or incapable of performing the allotted function, especially failure of cardiac or venous valves to close completely.insufficiency (2) ; 2. In forensic psychiatry, the inability to distinguish right from wrong or to manage one's affairs. [L. in-, neg. + com-peto, strive after together]
aortic i. defective closure of the aortic valve permitting regurgitation into the left ventricle during diastole.
cardiac i. inability of the ventricles to pump out the blood returning to the atria fast enough to prevent an abnormal rise in atrial pressure or to pump sufficient blood to maintain normal circulatory function.
cardiac valvular i. failure of a valve to perform its fundamental function: insurance of one-way flow; manifested by regurgitation of blood in the opposite direction when the valve is supposed to be closed.
mitral i. defective closure of the mitral valve permitting regurgitation into the left atrium during systole.
muscular i. imperfect closure of an anatomically normal cardiac valve, in consequence of defective action of its papillary muscles.
pulmonary i. , pulmonic i. defective closure of the pulmonic valve permitting regurgitation into the right ventricle during diastole.
pyloric i. a patulous state or want of tone of the pylorus that allows the passage of food into the intestine before gastric digestion is completed.
relative i. imperfect closure of a cardiac valve, in consequence of excessive dilation of the corresponding cavity of the heart.
tricuspid i. defective closure of the tricuspid valve permitting regurgitation into the right atrium during systole.
valvular i. valvular regurgitation



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inconstant inconstant (in-kon´stant)
1. Irregular. 2. In anatomy, denoting a structure, such as an artery, nerve, etc., that may or may not be present.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incontinence incontinence (in-kon´ti-nens)
1. Inability to prevent the discharge of any of the excretions, especially of urine or feces. 2. Lack of restraint of the appetites, especially sexual. Cf. intemperance. incontinentia; [L. in-continentia, fr. in- neg. + con-tineo, to hold together, fr. teneo, to hold]
fecal i. i. of feces
i. of feces the involuntary voiding of feces into clothing or bedclothes, usually due to pathology affecting sphincter control or loss of cognitive functions.fecal i;
i. of milk galactorrhea
overflow i. involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention of the bladder, with or without a detrusor contraction.paradoxical i;
paradoxical i. overflow i
passive i. dribbling of urine by reason of inability of the bladder to empty itself and of consequent overdistention. See also overflow i.
i. of pigment loss of melanin from the epidermis, and accumulation in melanophages in the upper dermis; seen in several inflammatory diseases of the skin and in incontinentia pigmenti.
reflex i. in neurogenic disorders, loss of urine due to detrusor hyperreflexia and/or involuntary urethral relaxation in the absence of the desire to void.
stress urinary i. (SUI) leakage of urine as a result of coughing, straining, or some sudden voluntary movement, due to weakness of the fascia muscles and at the neck of the bladder.urinary exertional i;
urge i. , urgency i. leakage of urine during a strong desire to void.
urinary exertional i. stress urinary i
i. of urine the involuntary voiding of urine into clothing or bedclothes. A common problem in elderly populations, especially those in nursing homes, it may be due to neurologic abnormalities, loss of sphincter function (especially common in multiparous women), chronic bladder outlet obstruction, or loss of cognitive functions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incontinent incontinent (in-kon´ti-nent)
Denoting incontinence.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incontinentia incontinentia (in-kon´ti-nen´she-a)
incontinence [L.]
i. pigmen´ti [MIM*308300 & MIM*308310] genodermatosis that may also involve other structures; characterized by pigmented lesions in linear, zebra-stripe, and other bizarre configurations, sometimes preceded by vesicles and bullae containing eosinophils, and often followed by verrucous lesions; occasionally accompanied by other developmental abnormalities; the disorder is X-linked and a genetic lethal in males. Cf. Naegeli syndrome. Bloch-Sulzberger disease, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome;
i. pigmen´ti achro´mians [MIM*146150] inherited hypopigmented macules in a "marble-cake" pattern, variably associated with epidermal nevi, alopecia, and ocular, skeletal, and neural abnormalities.hypomelanosis of Ito;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incoordination incoordination (in-ko-or-di-na´shun)
ataxia [L. in- neg. + coordination]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incorporation incorporation (in-kor-po-ra´shun)
identification [L. in-, in, + corporare, pp. corporatus, to make into a body]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

increase increase (in´kres)
Any growth in quantity.
absolute cell i. an actual i. in one of the types of leukocytes, the absolute number of leukocytes in 1 cu mm of blood being obtained by multiplying the total leukocyte count by the percentage of the cell types in question.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

increment increment (in´kre-ment)
A change in the value of a variable; usually an increase, with "decrement" applied to a decrease, though "increment" can also correctly be applied to both. [L. incrementum, increase]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incretion incretion (in-kre´shun)
The functional activity of an endocrine gland. [in- + secretion]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incrustation incrustation (in´krus-ta´shun)
1. Formation of a crust or a scab. 2. A coating of some adventitious material or an exudate; a scab. [L. in-crusto, pp. -atus, to incrust, fr. crusta, crust]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incubation incubation (in´kyu-ba´shun)
1. Act of maintaining controlled environmental conditions for the purpose of favoring growth or development of microbial or tissue cultures. 2. Maintenance of an artificial environment for an infant, usually a premature or hypoxic one, by providing proper temperature, humidity, and, usually, oxygen. 3. The development, without sign or symptom, of an infection from the time the infectious agent gains entry until the appearance of the first signs or symptoms. [L. incubo, to lie on]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incubator incubator (in´kyu-ba´tor)
1. A container in which controlled environmental conditions may be maintained; e.g., for culturing microorganisms. 2. An apparatus for maintaining an infant (usually premature) in an environment of proper oxygenation, humidity, and temperature.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incubus incubus (in´ku-bus)
1. Originally, an evil spirit which lay upon and oppressed sleeping persons; especially, a male spirit which copulated with sleeping women. Cf. succubus. 2. nightmare [L. fr. incubo, to lie on]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudal incudal (in´ku-dal)
Relating to the incus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudectomy incudectomy (in-ku-dek´to-me)
Removal of the incus of the tympanum. [incus + G. ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudes incudes (in-ku´dez)
Plural of incus. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudiform incudiform (in-ku´di-form)
Shaped like an anvil. [L. incus (incud-), anvil]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudomallealar incudomallealar (in-ku´do-mal´le-al)
Relating to the incus and the malleus; denoting the articulation between the incus and the malleus in the middle ear.ambomalleal;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incudostapedial incudostapedial (in-ku´do-sta-pe´de-al)
Relating to the incus and the stapes; denoting the articulation between the incus and the stapes in the middle ear.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incurable incurable (in-kyur´a-bl)
Denoting a disease or morbid process that is unresponsive to medical or surgical treatment.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incurvation incurvation (in´ker-va´shun)
An inward curvature; a bending inward.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incus incus, gen. incudis, pl. incudes (ing´kus, in-ku´dis, in-ku´dez) [NA]
The middle of the three ossicles in the middle ear; it has a body and two limbs or processes (long crus of incus and short crus of incus); at the tip of the long crus is a small knob, the lenticular process which articulates with the head of the stapes.anvil; [L. anvil]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incycloduction incycloduction (in-sI-klo-duk´shun)
A cycloduction in which the upper pole of the cornea is rotated inward (medially). [in- + cyclo- + L. duco, pp. ductus, to lead]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incyclophoria incyclophoria (in-sI´klo-fo´re-a)
A cyclophoria in which the 12 o'clock position in the iris tends to twist medially. [L. in- + cyclo- + G. phora, a carrying]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

incyclotropia incyclotropia (in-sI-klo-tro´pe-a)
A cyclotropia in which the upper poles of the corneas are rotated inward (medially) to each other. [in- + cyclo- + G. trope, a turning]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in d. in d.
Abbreviation for L. in dies, daily.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indanedione derivatives indanedione derivatives
Anticoagulants similar to warfarin in action. Anisindione and phenindione are clinically used; diphenadione is very long acting and used as a rodenticide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indanediones indanediones (in-dan´e-dI-onez)
A class of orally effective indirect-acting anticoagulants of which phenindione is representative.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indapamide indapamide (in-dap´a-mId)
4-Chloro-N-(2-methyl-1-indolinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide;an antihypertensive loop diuretic used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and renal disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indecainide indecainide (in-de-kan´Id)
A cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmic agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indeciduate indeciduate (in-de-sid´yu-at)
Relating to the mammals (Indecidua) that do not shed any maternal uterine tissue when expelling the placenta at birth (e.g., horse, pig), in contrast to deciduate mammals (e.g., human, dog, rodent).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indenization indenization (in-den-i-za´shun)
innidiation [in- + denizen]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indentation indentation (in-den-ta´shun)
1. The act of notching or pitting. 2. A notch. 3. A state of being notched. [Mediev. L. in-dento, pp. -atus, to make notches like teeth, fr. L. dens (dent-), tooth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

independence independence
1. The relationship between two or more events in which no information about any combination of some of them contains any information about any combination of the others. 2. The state of mutual detachment between or among autonomous units.
causal i. the state of systems that share no causes or effects.
stochastic i. i. of two or more events or variables; the state in which their joint probability or distribution is equal to the product of their marginal probabilities or distributions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

index index, gen. indicis, pl. indices indexes (in´deks, -di-sis, -di-sez, -dek-sez)
1. [NA] index finger 2. A guide, standard, indicator, symbol, or number denoting the relation in respect to size, capacity, or function, of one part or thing to another. See also quotient, ratio. 3. A core or mold used to record or maintain the relative position of a tooth or teeth to one another and/or to a cast. 4. A guide, usually made of plaster, used to reposition teeth, casts, or parts. 5. In epidemiology, a rating scale. [L. one that points out, an informer, the forefinger, an index, fr. in-dico, pp. -atus, to declare]
absorbancy i. 1. specific absorption coefficient 2. molar absorption coefficient
alveolar i. 1. gnathic i 2. basilar i
anesthetic i. ratio of the number of units of anesthetic required for anesthesia to the number of units of anesthetic required to produce respiratory or cardiovascular failure.
antitryptic i. an obsolete term for the relative retardation in loss of viscosity of a solution of casein incubated with trypsin, to which a drop of abnormal blood serum (as from a cancerous patient) has been added, compared with that in a similar solution to which normal serum has been added; if the former drips through the tube of the viscosimeter in 100 seconds, and the latter in 104 seconds, the antitryptic i. is 4.
Arneth i. an expression based on adding the percentages of polymorphonuclear neutrophils with 1 or 2 lobes in their nuclei, plus one-half the percentage with 3 lobes; the normal value is 60%. See also Arneth formula, Arneth count.
auricular i. relation of the width to the height of the auricle or pinna: (width of pinna x 100)/length of pinna.
Ayala's i. the cerebrospinal i. when 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid have been removed.Ayala's quotient, spinal quotient;
basilar i. ratio between the basialveolar line and the maximum length of the cranium, according to the formula: (basialveolar line x 100)/length of cranium.alveolar i. (2) ;
Bödecker i. a modification of the DMF caries i.
body mass i. an anthropometric measure of body mass, defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; a method of determining caloric nutritional status.
buffer i. buffer value
cardiac i. the amount of blood ejected by the heart in a unit of time divided by the body surface area; usually expressed in liters per minute per square meter.
centromeric i. the ratio of the length of the short arm of the chromosome to that of the total chromosome; ordinarily expressed as a percentage.
cephalic i. the ratio of the maximal breadth to the maximal length of the head, obtained by the formula: (breadth x 100)/length.length-breadth i;
cephalo-orbital i. the ratio of the cubic content of the two orbits to that of the cranial cavity multiplied by 100.
cephalorrhachidian i. cerebrospinal i
cerebral i. the ratio of the transverse to the anteroposterior diameter of the cranial cavity multiplied by 100.
cerebrospinal i. the figure obtained by multiplying the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, after fluid has been withdrawn by spinal puncture, by the quantity of fluid withdrawn and then dividing by the original pressure.cephalorrhachidian i;
chemotherapeutic i. the ratio of the minimal effective dose of a chemotherapeutic agent to the maximal tolerated dose. Originally used by Ehrlich to express the relative toxicity of a chemotherapeutic agent to a parasite and to its host.
chest i. thoracic i
cranial i. the ratio of the maximal breadth to the maximal length of the skull, obtained by the formula: (breadth x 100)/length.
Cumulative I. Medicus collection of medical literature, published annually, which began in the US Army Surgeon General's office in the last century. It has been taken over by the National Library of Medicine and has evolved into a database called MEDLINE.
Dean's fluorosis i. an i. that measures the degree of mottled enamel (fluorosis) in teeth; used most often in epidemiological field studies.
def caries i. , DEF caries i. an i. of past caries experience based upon the number of decayed, extracted, and filled deciduous (indicated by lower case letters) or permanent (indicated by capital letters) teeth.
degenerative i. the percentage of granulocytes that contain toxic granules in the cytoplasm, as compared with the total percentage of granulocytes.
dental i. (DI) 1. relation of the dental length (distance from the mesial surface of the first premolar to the distal surface of the third molar) to the basinasal (basion to nasion) length: (dental length x100)/basinasal length; 2. a system of numbers for indicating comparative size of the teeth.Flower's dental i;
df caries i. , DF caries i. an i. of past caries experience based upon the number of decayed and filled deciduous (indicated by lower case letters) or permanent (indicated by capital letters) teeth.df, DF;
dmfs caries i. , DMFS caries i. an i. of past caries experience based upon the number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces of deciduous (indicated by lower case letters) or permanent (indicated by capital letters) teeth.
effective temperature i. a composite i. of environmental comfort which is compared after exposure to different combinations of air temperature, humidity, and movement.
empathic i. the degree of emotional understanding or empathy experienced by a health services provider or other person concerning another person, more particularly of a sufferer from some emotional or somatic condition.
endemic i. the percentage of children infected with malaria or other endemic disease, in any given locality.
erythrocyte indices calculations for determining the average size, hemoglobin content, and concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, specifically mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration.
facial i. relation of the length of the face to its maximal width between the zygomatic prominences; to get superior facial i. , the length of the face is measured from the nasion to the alveolar point: (nasialveolar length x 100)/bizygomatic width; for total facial i. , length is measured from the nasion to the mental tubercle: (nasimental length x 100)/bizygomatic width.
Flower's dental i. dental i
free thyroxine i. (FTI) an arbitrary value obtained by multiplying the triiodothyronine uptake by the serum thyroxine concentration; it largely corrects for variations in thyroid-bound globulin concentration by providing a clinically valid estimate of the physiologically active free thyroxine; direct assay or laboratory measurement of free serum thyroxine yields a more accurate value.
gnathic i. relation between the basialveolar (basion to alveolar point) and basinasal (basion to nasion) lengths: (basialveolar length x 100)/basinasal length; the result indicates the degree of projection of the maxilla or upper jaw.alveolar i. (1) ;
health status i. set of measurements designed to detect short-term fluctuations in health of members of a population; the measurements usually include physical function, emotional well-being, activities of daily living, feelings, etc.
height-length i. vertical i
icteric i. See icterus i.
icterus i. the value that indicates the relative level of bilirubin in serum or plasma; calculated by comparing (in a colorimeter) the intensity of the color of the specimen with that of a standard solution (potassium dichromate, 0.05 g, in 500 ml of water, plus 0.2 ml of sulfuric acid); the normal range is 3 to 5, and values greater than 15 are usually associated with clinically apparent jaundice; an i. less than 3 is observed in various examples of secondary anemia, aplastic anemia, and chlorosis. Sometimes erroneously called icteric i.: it is an i. of jaundice, not a jaundiced i.
iron i. an obsolete i. of iron obtained by dividing the figure for the average content of iron in normal blood (42.74 mg) by the red cell count in millions; it normally varies between 8 and 9; in pernicious anemia, the i. is usually greater than 10, but it tends to be normal in chronic secondary anemia.
karyopyknotic i. an i. used to monitor the hormonal status of the patient as reflected by exfoliated vaginal cells and their morphology; an expression of the percentage of intermediate and superficial cells from squamous cells of vaginal epithelium which have pyknotic nuclei.
length-breadth i. cephalic i
length-height i. vertical i
leukopenic i. a significant decrease in the white blood count after ingestion of food to which a patient is hypersensitive, a count made during the normal fasting state being used as the basis for evaluation of the postprandial count.
maturation i. an i. indicating the degree of maturation attained by the vaginal epithelium as adjudged by the cell types being exfoliated; serves as an objective means of evaluating hormonal secretion or response; represents the percentage of parabasal cells/intermediate cells/superficials, in that order; "shift to the left" indicates more immature cells on the surface (atrophy), while "shift to the right" indicates more mature epithelium.
metacarpal i. the average ratio of length to breadth of metacarpals II to V; this ratio is increased in the Marfan syndrome.
mitotic i. the ratio of cells in a tissue that are undergoing mitosis, often expressed as either the number of cells in a specified area of tissue section or as a percentage of the total cell sample.
molar absorbancy i. molar absorption coefficient
nasal i. relation of the greatest width of the nasal aperture to the length of a line from the nasion to the lower border of the nasal aperture: (nasal width x 100)/nasal height.
nucleoplasmic i. the quotient of the nuclear volume divided by the cytoplasmic volume.
obesity i. body weight divided by body volume.
opsonic i. a value that indicates the relative content of opsonin in the blood of a person with an infectious disease, as evaluated in vitro in comparison with presumably normal blood; the opsonic i. is calculated from the following equation: phagocytic i. of normal serum / phagocytic i. of test serum = 1 / x, where x represents the opsonic i.
orbital i. relation of the height of the orbit to its width: (orbital height x 100)/orbital width.
orbitonasal i. the ratio of the width between the lateral angles of the eyes, measured with a tape measure passing over the root of the nose times 100, to the width between the lateral angles of the eyes measured with a caliper.
palatal i. , palatine i. palatomaxillary i
palatomaxillary i. relation of the palatomaxillary width, measured between the outer borders of the alveolar arch just above the middle of the second molar tooth, and the palatomaxillary length, measured from the alveolar point to the middle of a transverse line touching the posterior borders of the two maxillae: (palatomaxillary width x 100)/palatomaxillary length; it notes the varying forms of the dental arcade and palate.palatal i., palatine i;
pelvic i. the ratio of the conjugate of the pelvic inlet to the transverse diameters of the pelvis: (conjugate of pelvic inlet x 100)/transverse diameter.
phagocytic i. the average number of bacteria observed in the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes after mixing and incubating, at 37°C, 1) a suspension of washed, presumably normal leukocytes, 2) the serum to be tested for opsonin, and 3) a young culture of microorganisms that are causing disease in the patient.
Pirquet's i. an obsolete method of establishing the presence of malnutrition by dividing the weight (grams/10) by the sitting height (in cm); the cube root of the quotient if < 0.945 was considered as indicating malnutrition.
PMA i. an i. which measures the presence or absence of gingival inflammation as occurring on the papillae or the marginal or attached gingivae.
ponderal i. cube root of body weight times 100 divided by height in cm.
pressure-volume i. method of evaluating the cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics.
pulsatility i. calculation of Doppler measurements of systolic and diastolic velocities in the uterine, umbilical, or fetal circulations.
refractive i. (n) the relative velocity of light in another medium compared to the velocity in air; e.g., in the case of air to crown glass, n = 1.52; in the case of air to water, n = 1.33. See also law of refraction.
Robinson i. an i. used to calculate heart work load. See double product.
Röhrer's i. body weight in grams times 100 divided by the cube of height in centimeters.
root caries i. the ratio of the number of teeth with carious lesions of the root, and/or restorations of the root, to the number of teeth with exposed root surfaces.
sacral i. a ratio obtained by multiplying the greatest breadth of the sacrum by 100 and dividing by the length.
saturation i. an indication of the relative concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cells, calculated as: grams of hemoglobin per 100 ml (expressed as percent of normal) / hematocrit value (expressed as percent of normal) = saturation i. The normal i. for adults and infants is 0.97 to 1.02; in primary and secondary anemia, the i. is usually considerably less than 0.97.
Schilling's i. Schilling's blood count
shock i. the quotient of the cardiac rate divided by the systolic blood pressure; normally approximately 0.5, but in shock (e.g., rising pulse rate with falling blood pressure), the i. may reach 1.0.
small increment sensitivity i. See SISI test.
spiro-i. See spiro-index.
splenic i. a rough indication of the salubrity, or the reverse, in regard to malaria of a particular district, judged by the relative absence or prevalence of enlarged spleens among the population.
staphylo-opsonic i. the opsonic i. calculated in relation to a staphylococcal infection, with a young culture of Staphylococcus aureus or the strain of staphylococcus from the patient being used in the test.
stroke work i. a measure of the work done by the heart with each contraction, adjusted for body surface area; equal to the stroke volume of the heart multiplied by the arterial pressure and divided by body surface area; the normal stroke work i. does not exceed 40 gram-meters per square meter.
therapeutic i. the ratio of LD50 to ED50, used in quantitative comparison of drugs.
thoracic i. anteroposterior diameter of the thorax times 100 divided by the transverse diameter of the thorax.chest i;
tibiofemoral i. the ratio obtained by multiplying the length of the tibia by 100 and dividing by the length of the femur.
transversovertical i. vertical i
tuberculo-opsonic i. the opsonic i. calculated in relation to tuberculous infection, with an actively growing culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the strain of tubercle bacillus from the patient being used in the test.
uricolytic i. the percentage of uric acid oxidized to allantoin before being secreted.
vertical i. the relation of the height to the length of the skull: (height x 100)/length.height-length i., length-height i., transversovertical i;
vital i. the ratio of births to deaths within a population during a given time.
Volpe-Manhold i. (V-MI) An index for comparing the amount of dental calculus in individuals.
volume i. an indication of the relative size (e.g., volume) of erythrocytes, calculated as follows: hematocrit value, expressed as per cent of normal / red blood cell count, expressed as per cent of normal = volume i.
zygomaticoauricular i. the ratio between the zygomatic and the auricular diameters of the skull or head.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indican indican (in´di-kan)
1. Indoxyl beta-d-glucoside from Indigofera species;a source of indigo.plant i; 2. 3-Indoxylsulfuric acid, a substance found (as its salts) in sweat and in variable amounts in urine; indicative, when in quantity, of protein putrefaction in the intestine (indicanuria).metabolic i., uroxanthin;
metabolic i. indican (2)
plant i. indican (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indicanidrosis indicanidrosis (in´di-kan-i-dro´sis)
Excretion of indican in the sweat. [indican + G. hidros, sweat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indicant indicant (in´di-kant)
1. Pointing out; indicating. 2. An indication; especially a symptom indicating the proper line of treatment. [L. in-dico, pres. p. -ans (-ant), to point out]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indicanuria indicanuria (in´di-kan-yu´re-a)
An increased urinary excretion of indican, a derivative of indol formed chiefly in the intestine when protein is putrefied; indol is also formed during the putrefaction of protein in other sites.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indication indication (in-di-ka´shun)
The basis for initiation of a treatment for a disease or of a diagnostic test; may be furnished by a knowledge of the cause (causal i. ), by the symptoms present (symptomatic i. ), or by the nature of the disease (specific i. ). [L. fr. in-dico, pp. -atus, to point out, fr. dico, to proclaim]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indicator indicator (in´di-ka-ter, -tor)
In chemical analysis, a substance that changes color within a certain definite range of pH or oxidation potential, or in any way renders visible the completion of a chemical reaction; e.g., litmus, phenolsulfonphthalein. [L. one that points out]
alizarin i. a solution consisting of 1 g sodium alizarin sulfonate dissolved in 100 cc distilled water; used as an i. for free acidity in gastric contents.
health i. variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
oxidation-reduction i. a substance that undergoes a definite color change at a specific oxidation potential.redox i;
redox i. oxidation-reduction i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indices indices (in´di-sez)
Alternative plural of index.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Indiella Indiella (in-de-el´a)
Old name for Madurella.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigenous indigenous (in-dij´e-nus)
Native; natural to the country where found. [L. indigenus, born in fr. indu, within (old form of in), + G. -gen, producing]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigestion indigestion (in-di-jes´chun)
Nonspecific term for a variety of symptoms resulting from a failure of proper digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary tract.
acid i. i. resulting from hyperchlorhydria; often used by the laity as a synonym for pyrosis.
fat i. steatorrhea
gastric i. dyspepsia
nervous i. i. caused by emotional upsets or stress.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigo indigo (in´dI-go) [C.I. 73000]
C16H10N2O2; (&Udelta;2,2´-biindoline)-3,3´-dione;a blue dyestuff obtained from Indigofera tinctoria, and other species of Indigofera (family Leguminosae); also made synthetically.indigo blue, indigotin; [L. indicum, fr. G. indikon, indigo, ntr. of Indikos, Indian]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigo blue indigo blue
indigo



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigo carmine indigo carmine [C.I. 73015]
C16H8N2Na2O8S2; sodium indigotin 5,5´-disulfonate;a blue dye used for measurement of kidney function and as a special stain for Negri bodies.sodium indigotin disulfonate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigotin indigotin (in-dig´o-tin, in-di-go´tin)
indigo



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indigouria indigouria , indiguria (in´dI-go-yu´re-a, in-di-gu´re-a)
The excretion of indigo in the urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indisposition indisposition (in-dis-po-zish´un)
Illness, usually slight; malaise. [L. in neg. + dispositio, an arrangement, fr. dis-pono, pp. -positus, to place apart]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indium (In) indium (In) (in´de-um)
A metallic element, atomic no. 49, atomic wt. 114.82. [indigo, because of its blue line in the spectrum]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indium-111 (111In) indium-111 (111In)
A cyclotron-produced radionuclide with a half-life of 2.8049 days and with gamma ray emissions of 171.2 and 245.3 kiloelectron volts. In a chloride form, it is used as a bone marrow and tumor-localizing tracer; in a chelate form, as a cerebrospinal fluid tracer.
i. chloride , i. trichloride Cl3In;used in electron microscopy to stain nucleic acids in thin tissue sections.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indium-113m (113mIn) indium-113m (113mIn)
A radioactive isomer of 113In; it has a half-life of 1.658 hours; it has been used in cisternography and as a diagnostic aid in cardiac output.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

individuation individuation (in´di-vid-yu-a´shun)
1. Development of the individual from the specific. 2. In jungian psychology, the process by which one's personality is differentiated, developed, and expressed. 3. Regional activity in an embryo as a response to an organizer.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indocyanine green indocyanine green (in-do-sI´a-nen)
A tricarbocyanine dye that binds to serum albumin and is used in blood volume determinations and in liver function tests.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indocybin indocybin (in-do-sI´bin)
psilocybin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indolaceturia indolaceturia (in´dol-as-e-tu´re-a)
Excretion of an appreciable amount of indoleacetic acid in the urine; a manifestation of Hartnup disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indolamine indolamine (in-dol´a-men)
General term for an indole or indole derivative containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group (e.g., serotonin).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indole indole (in´dol)
1. 2,3-Benzopyrrole;basis of many biologically active substances (e.g., serotonin, tryptophan); formed in degradation of tryptophan.ketole; 2. Any of many alkaloids containing the i. (1) structure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indolent indolent (in´do-lent)
Inactive; sluggish; painless or nearly so, said of a morbid process. [L. in- neg. + doleo, pr. p. dolens (-ent-), to feel pain]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indolic acids indolic acids (in-dol´ik)
Metabolites of l-tryptophan formed within the body or by intestinal microorganisms; the principal i.a. encountered in urine are indoleacetic acid, indoleacetylglutamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and indolelactic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indologenous indologenous (in´do-loj´e-nus)
Producing or causing the production of indole.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indoluria indoluria (in-do-lu´re-a)
Excretion of indole in the urine; actual reference commonly is to indolic acids and indoxyl, as indole itself rarely appears in the urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indolyl indolyl (in´do-lil)
The radical of indole.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indomethacin indomethacin (in-do-meth´a-sin)
1-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid;an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal agent used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and in the treatment of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indophenolase indophenolase (in-do-fe´nol-as)
cytochrome c oxidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indophenol oxidase indophenol oxidase (in-do-fe´nol)
cytochrome c oxidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indoprofen indoprofen (in-do-pro´fen)
p-(1-Oxo-2-isoindolinyl)hydratropic acid;a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indoramin indoramin (in-dor´a-min)
A selective competitive a1-antagonist that has been used for the treatment of hypertension; also an antagonist at H1-histamine receptors and 5-HT receptors.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indoxyl indoxyl (in-dok´sil)
The radical of 3-hydroxyindole; a product of intestinal bacterial degradation of indoleacetic acid, excreted in the urine as indoleaceturic acid (conjugated with glycine), as a sulfate (urinary indican), or as a glucuronide (glucosiduronate); increased amounts are excreted in phenylketonuria.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indoxyluria indoxyluria (in-dok-sil-yu´re-a)
The excretion of indoxyl, especially indoxyl sulfate, in the urine; i. may be associated with indicanuria, inasmuch as hydrolysis of indican results in formation of indoxyl.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

induce induce (in-dus´)
To cause or bring about. See induction.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inducer inducer (in-dus´er)
A molecule, usually a substrate of a specific enzyme pathway, that combines with and deactivates an active repressor (produced by a regulator gene); this allows an operator gene previously repressed to activate the structrual genes controlled by it to result in enzyme production; a homeostatic mechanism for regulating enzyme production in an inducible enzyme system.
embryonal i. any compound that will effect differentiation in the early stages of development.
gratuitous i. an analog of a natural i. that is capable of inducing an operon while not serving as a substrate for the enzyme being induced.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inductance (L) inductance (L) (in-duk´tans)
The coefficient of electromagnetic induction; the unit of inductance is the henry. [see induction]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

induction induction (in-duk´shun)
1. Production or causation. 2. Production of an electric current or magnetic state in a body by electricity or magnetism in another body close to the first body. 3. The period from the start of anesthesia to the establishment of a depth of anesthesia adequate for a surgical procedure. 4. In embryology, the influence exerted by an organizer or evocator on the differentiation of adjacent cells or on the development of an embryonic structure. 5. A modification imposed on the offspring by the action of environment on the germ cells of one or both parents. 6. In microbiology, the change from probacteriophage to vegetative phage that may occur spontaneously or after stimulation by certain physical and chemical agents. 7. In enzymology, the process of increasing the amount or the activity of a protein. See also inducer. 8. A stage in the process of hypnosis. 9. Causal analysis; a method of reasoning in which an inference is made from one or more specific observations to a more general statement. Cf. deduction. [L. inductio, a leading in]
electromagnetic i. electromagnetic waves propagated by i. in an electromagnetic field.
lysogenic i. i. that occurs when prophage is transferred to a nonlysogenic bacterium by conjugation or by transduction.
spinal i. the manner in which one sensory stimulus lowers the threshold for another.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inductor inductor (in-duk´ter, -tor)
1. That which brings about induction. 2. In embryology, an evocator or an organizer.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inductorium inductorium (in-duk-to´re-um)
An instrument formerly used in physiologic experiments to generate pulses of induced electricity for stimulating nerve or muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inductotherm inductotherm (in-duk´to-therm)
The apparatus used in inductothermy.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inductothermy inductothermy (in-duk´to-ther-me)
Artificial fever production by means of electromagnetic induction. [induction + G. therme, heat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indulin indulin (in´du-lin) [C.I. 50400-50415]
A blue quinone-imine dye related to nigrosin; occasionally used as a stain in histology and bacteriology.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indulinophil indulinophil , indulinophile (in-du-lin´o-fil, -fIl)
Taking an indulin stain readily. [indulin + G. philos, fond]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indurated indurated (in´du-rat-ed)
Hardened, usually used with reference to soft tissues becoming extremely firm but not as hard as bone. [L. in-duro, pp. -duratus, to harden, fr. durus, hard]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

induration induration (in-du-ra´shun)
1. The process of becoming extremely firm or hard, or having such physical features. 2. A focus or region of indurated tissue.sclerosis (1) ; [L. induratio (see indurated)]
brown i. of the lung a condition characterized by firmness of the lungs, and a brown color associated with hemosiderin-pigmented macrophages in alveoli, consequent upon long-continued congestion due to heart disease.pigment i. of the lung;
cyanotic i. i. related to persistent, chronic venous congestion in an organ or tissue, frequently resulting in fibrous thickening of the walls of the veins and eventual fibrosis of adjacent tissue; the affected tissue becomes firmer than normal, and tends to have an unusual, red-blue color.
Froriep's i. myositis fibrosa
gray i. a condition occurring in lungs during and after pneumonic processes in which there is failure of resolution; there is a conspicuous increase in fibrous connective tissue in the walls of the alveoli, and also within the alveoli (e.g., fibrous organization of exudate); in contrast to brown i., there is usually not a prominent degree of pigmentation, unless chronic passive congestion is also present.
pigment i. of the lung brown i. of the lung
plastic i. sclerosis of corpus cavernosum of penis.
red i. a condition observed in lungs in which there is an advanced degree of acute passive congestion, or acute pneumonitis (sometimes termed interstitial pneumonia), or a similar pathologic process.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indurative indurative (in´du-ra-tiv)
Pertaining to, causing, or characterized by induration.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

indusium indusium, pl. indusia (in-du´ze-um, -ze-a)
1. A membranous layer or covering. 2. The amnion. [L. a woman's undergarment, fr. induo, to put on]
i. gris´eum [NA] a thin layer of gray matter on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in which the medial and lateral longitudinal stria lie embedded. The i. griseum is a rudimentary component of the hippocampus, continuous caudally around the splenium of the corpus callosum with the fasciolar gyrus, a slender convolution in turn continuous with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; rostrally the i. griseum curves around the genu and rostrum of corpus callosum and extends ventralward to the olfactory trigone as the tenia tecta or rudimentum hippocampi, hidden in the depth of the posterior parolfactory sulcus that marks the anterior border of the subcallosal gyrus or precommissural septum.supracallosal gyrus;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inebriant inebriant (in-e´bre-ant)
1. Making drunk; intoxicating. 2. An intoxicant, such as alcohol. [see inebriety]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inebriation inebriation (in-e-bre-a´shun)
Intoxication, especially by alcohol. [see inebriety]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inebriety inebriety (in-e-brI´e-te)
Habitual indulgence in alcoholic beverages in excessive amounts. [L. in- intensive + ebrietas, drunkenness]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inert inert (in-ert´)
1. Slow in action; sluggish; inactive. 2. Devoid of active chemical properties, as the inert gases. 3. Denoting a drug or agent having no pharmacologic or therapeutic action. [L. iners, unskillful, sluggish, fr. in, neg. + ars, art]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inertia inertia (in-er´she-a, in-er´shah)
1. The tendency of a physical body to oppose any force tending to move it from a position of rest or to change its uniform motion. 2. Denoting inactivity or lack of force, lack of mental or physical vigor, or sluggishness of thought or action. [L. want of skill, laziness]
magnetic i. hysteresis (2)
psychic i. a psychiatric term denoting resistance to any change in ideas or to progress; fixation of an idea.
uterine i. absence of effective uterine contractions during labor; primary uterine i. , true uterine i. , uterine i. that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the acme of contraction; secondary uterine i. , uterine i. that occurs when the uterine contractions are vigorous but, as a result of the exhaustion or dehydration of the patient, decrease in vigor, and the progress of labor ceases.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in extremis in extremis (in eks-tre´mis)
At the point of death. [L. extremus, last]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infancy infancy (in´fan-se)
Babyhood; the earliest period of extrauterine life; roughly, the first year of life.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infant infant
A child under the age of 1 year; more specifically, a newborn baby. [L. infans, not speaking]
i. Hercules term applied to young children with precocious sexual and muscular development due to a virilizing adrenocortical disorder.
liveborn i. the product of a livebirth; an i. who shows evidence of life after birth; life is considered to be present after birth if any one of the following is observed: 1) if the infant breathes; 2) if the infant shows beating of the heart; 3) if pulsation of the umbilical cord occurs; or 4) if there is definite movement of voluntary muscles.
postmature i. a baby born after over 42 weeks of gestation, which puts the child at risk because of inadequate placental function. The infant usually shows wrinkled skin, sometimes more serious abnormalities.
post-term i. an i. with a gestational age of 42 completed weeks or more (294 days or more).
preterm i. an i. with gestational age of less than 37 completed weeks (259 completed days).
stillborn i. an i. who shows no evidence of life after birth. Cf. liveborn i.
term i. an i. with gestational age between 37 completed weeks (259 completed days) and 42 completed weeks (294 completed days).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infanticide infanticide (in-fan´ti-sId)
1. The killing of an infant. 2. One who murders an infant. [infant + L. caedo, to kill]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infantile infantile (in´fan-tIl)
1. Relating to, or characteristic of, infants or infancy. 2. Denoting childish behavior.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infantilism infantilism (in-fan´ti-lizm)
1. A state marked by slow development of mind and body.infantile dwarfism; 2. Childishness, as characterized by a temper tantrum of an adolescent or adult. 3. Underdevelopment of the sexual organs.
Brissaud's i. infantile hypothyroidism
dysthyroidal i. infantile hypothyroidism
hepatic i. delayed development as a result of liver disease.
hypophysial i. growth hormone deficiency due to failure of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (also known as somatocrinin.)
hypothyroid i. infantile hypothyroidism
idiopathic i. dwarfism generally associated with hypogonadism; may be caused by deficient secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.Lorain's disease, proportionate i., universal i;
Lorain-Lévi i. pituitary dwarfism
myxedematous i. infantile hypothyroidism
pancreatic i. i. associated with deficiency or absence of pancreatic secretion.
pituitary i. pituitary dwarfism
proportionate i. idiopathic i
renal i. renal rickets
sexual i. failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics after the normal time of puberty.
static i. a condition observed in young children resembling spastic spinal paralysis; it is marked by hypotonia of the muscles of the trunk and hypertonia of the muscles of the extremities.
tubal i. a term descriptive of a corkscrew-like fallopian tube as seen in fetal life.
universal i. idiopathic i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infarct infarct (in´farkt)
An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply.infarction (2) ; [L. in-farcio, pp. -fartus (-ctus, an incorrect form), to stuff into]
anemic i. an i. in which little or no bleeding into tissue spaces occurs when the blood supply is obstructed.pale i., white i. (1) ;
bland i. an uninfected i.
bone i. an area of bone tissue that has become necrotic as a result of loss of its arterial blood supply.
Brewer's i.'s dark-red, wedge-shaped areas resembling i.'s, seen on section of a kidney in pyelonephritis.
embolic i. an i. caused by an embolus.
hemorrhagic i. an i. red in color from infiltration of blood from collateral vessels into the necrotic area.hemorrhagic gangrene (1), red i;
pale i. anemic i
red i. hemorrhagic i
Roesler-Bressler i. myocardial infarction in dumbbell form
septic i. an area of necrosis resulting from vascular obstruction due to emboli comprised of clumps of bacteria or infected material.
thrombotic i. an i. caused by a thrombus.
uric acid i. precipitates of uric acid distending renal collecting tubules in the newborn; since there is no necrosis, the term infarct is a misnomer.
white i. 1. anemic i 2. in the placenta, intervillous fibrin with ischemic necrosis of villi.
Zahn's i. a pseudoinfarct of the liver, consisting of an area of congestion with parenchymal atrophy but no necrosis; due to obstruction of a branch of the portal vein.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infarction infarction (in-fark´shun)
1. Sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply due to emboli, thrombi, vascular torsion, or pressure that produces a macroscopic area of necrosis; the heart, brain, spleen, kidney, intestine, lung, and testes are likely to be affected, as are tumors, especially of the ovary or uterus. 2. infarct
anterior myocardial i. i. involving the anterior wall of the heart, and producing indicative electrocardiographic changes in the anterior chest leads and often in limb lead I.
anteroinferior myocardial i. i. involving both anterior and inferior walls of the heart simultaneously.
anterolateral myocardial i. extensive anterior i. producing indicative changes across the precordium as well as in leads I and aVL.
anteroseptal myocardial i. an anterior i. in which indicative electrocardiographic changes are confined to the medial chest leads (V1-V4).
cardiac i. myocardial i
diaphragmatic myocardial i. inferior myocardial i
inferior myocardial i. i. in which the inferior or diaphragmatic wall of the heart is involved, producing indicative changes in leads II, III, and aVF in the electrocardiogram.diaphragmatic myocardial i;
inferolateral myocardial i. i. involving the inferior and lateral surfaces of the heart and producing indicative changes in the electrocardiogram in leads II, III, aVF, V5, and V6.
lateral myocardial i. i. involving only the lateral wall of the heart, producing indicative electrocardiographic changes confined to leads I, aVL, V5, and V6.
myocardial i. (MI) i. of an area of the heart muscle, usually as a result of occlusion of a coronary artery.cardiac i;
myocardial i. in dumbbell form i. involving the septum along with both inferior and anterior walls to make an H- or dumbbell-shaped configuration.Roesler-Bressler infarct;
nontransmural myocardial i. (NTMI) necrosis of heart muscle that fails to extend from the endocardium to the epicardium, often erroneously considered relatively benign.
posterior myocardial i. i. involving the posterior wall of the heart; also formerly used erroneously of i.'s involving the inferior or diaphragmatic surface of the heart.
silent myocardial i. i. that produces none of the characteristic symptoms and signs of myocardial i.
subendocardial myocardial i. i. that involves only the layer of muscle subjacent to the endocardium.
through-and-through myocardial i. transmural myocardial i
transmural myocardial i. i. that involves the whole thickness of the heart muscle from endocardium to epicardium.through-and-through myocardial i;
watershed i. cortical i. in an area where the distribution of major cerebral arteries meet or overlap.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infect infect (in-fekt´)
1. To enter, invade, or inhabit another organism, causing infection or contamination. 2. To dwell internally, endoparasitically, as opposed to externally (infest). [L. in-ficio, pp. -fectus, to dip into, dye, corrupt, infect, fr. in + facio, to make]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infection infection (in-fek´shun)
Multiplication of parasitic organisms within the body; multiplication of usual bacterial flora of the intestinal tract is not usually viewed as i.endoparasitism;
agonal i. terminal i
airborne i. a mechanism of transmission of an infectious agent by particles, dust, or droplet nuclei suspended in the air.
apical i. implantation of microorganisms at the apex of a tooth, usually the result of the migration of microorganisms from the pulp canal through the apical foramen.
cross i. i. spread from one source to another, person to person, animal to person, person to animal, animal to animal.
cryptogenic i. bacterial, viral, or other i., the source of which is unknown.
disseminated gonococcal i. i. from Neisseria gonorrhea which is spread to distant parts of the body beyond the original portal of entry (usually the lower genital tract). Usually manifest by rash and arthritis.
droplet i. i. acquired through the inhalation of droplets or aerosols of saliva or sputum containing virus or other microorganisms expelled by another person during sneezing, coughing, laughing, or talking.
endogenous i. i. caused by an infectious agent already present in the body, the previous i. having been inapparent.
focal i. an old term which distinguishes local i.'s (focal) from generalized i.'s (sepsis).
inapparent i. presence of i. in a host without the occurrence of recognizable symptoms or signs.
latent i. an asymptomatic i. capable of manifesting symptoms under particular circumstances or if activated.
mass i. i. resulting from the entrance of a large number of pathogens into the circulation or tissues.
mixed i. i. by more than one variety of pathogenic microorganisms.
pyogenic i. i. characterized by severe local inflammation, usually with pus formation, generally caused by one of the pyogenic bacteria.
Salinem i. Salinem fever
scalp i. an i. external to the galea; e.g., folliculitis or cellulitis.
secondary i. an i., usually septic, occurring in a person or animal already suffering from an i. of another nature.
terminal i. an acute i., commonly pneumonic or septic, occurring toward the end of any disease and often the cause of death.agonal i;
urinary tract i. (UTI) microbial i., usually bacterial, of any part of the urinary tract; can involve the parenchyma of the kidney, the renal pelvis, the ureter, the bladder, the urethra or combinations of these organs; often the entire urinary tract is affected; the most common organism causing such infection is Escherichia coli.
Vincent's i. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
zoonotic i. an i. shared in nature by man with other species of vertebrate animals.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infection-immunity infection-immunity
See infection immunity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infectiosity infectiosity (in-fek-she-os´i-te)
infectiousness



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infectious infectious (in-fek´shus)
1. Capable of being transmitted by infection, with or without actual contact. 2. infective 3. Denoting a disease due to the action of a microorganism.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infectiousness infectiousness (in-fek´shus-nes)
The state or quality of being infectious.infectiosity;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infective infective (in-fek´tiv)
Capable of transmitting an infection.infectious (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infectivity infectivity (in-fek-tiv´i-te)
1. The characteristic of a disease agent that embodies capability of entering, surviving in, and multiplying in a susceptible host. 2. The proportion of exposures in defined circumstances that result in infection.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infecundity infecundity (in-fe-kun´di-te)
female sterility [L. infecunditas, barrenness]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inference inference (in´fer-ens)
The logical process of passing from observations and axioms to generalizations; in statistics, the development of generalizations from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inferior inferior (in-fe´re-or)
1. Situated below or directed downward. 2. [NA] In human anatomy, situated nearer the soles of the feet in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of superior. 3. Less useful or of poorer quality. [L. lower]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inferiority inferiority (in-fer-e-or´i-te)
The condition or state of being or feeling inadequate or inferior, especially relative to one's peers or to others similarly situated.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infertility infertility (in-fer-til´i-te)
Diminished or absent ability to produce offspring; does not imply (either in the male or the female) the existence of as positive or irreversible a condition as sterility. [L. in- neg. + fertilis, fruitful]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infest infest (in-fest´)
To occupy a site and dwell ectoparasitically on external surface tissue, as opposed to internally (infect). [L. infesto, pp. -atus, to attack]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infestation infestation
Development on (rather than in) the body of a pathogenic agent, e.g., body lice.ectoparasitism;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infiltrate infiltrate (in-fil´trat)
1. To perform or undergo infiltration. 2. infiltration (2) 3. The description of a cellular infiltration (1) in the lung as inferred from appearance of a localized, ill-defined opacity on a chest radiograph; commonly used improperly to describe the shadow on the radiograph. [L. in + Mediev. L. filtro, pp. -atus, to strain through felt, fr. filtrum, felt]
Assmann's tuberculous i. infraclavicular i
infraclavicular i. an incipient lesion of tuberculous infection.Assmann's tuberculous i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infiltration infiltration (in´fil-tra´shun)
1. The act of permeating or penetrating into a substance, cell, or tissue; said of gases, fluids, or matter held in solution. 2. The gas, fluid, or dissolved matter that has entered any substance, cell, or tissue.infiltrate (2) ; 3. Injection of solution into tissues, as in infiltration anesthesia. 4. Extravasation of solutions intended for intravascular injection.
adipose i. growth of normal adult fat cells in sites where they are not usually present.
calcareous i. calcification
cellular i. migration of cells from their sources of origin, or direct extension of cells as a result of unusual growth and multiplication, thereby resulting in fairly well-defined foci, irregular accumulations, or diffusely distributed individual cells in the connective tissue and interstices of various organs and tissues; used especially with reference to such changes associated with inflammations and certain types of malignant neoplasms.
epituberculous i. an i. superimposed upon a tuberculous lesion.
fatty i. abnormal accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of cells, particularly of fat derived from outside the cells. See also fatty degeneration.
gelatinous i. gray i
gray i. a term sometimes used for the relatively rapidly formed, semisolid, gray or gray-white exudate (chiefly necrotic cells and remnants of tissue, and macrophages) resulting from unusually acute, overwhelming, diffuse tuberculous infection in the lung.gelatinous i;
lipomatous i. nonencapsulated adipose tissue forming a lipoma-like mass, usually in the cardiac interatrial septum where it may cause arrhythmia and sudden death.lipomatous hypertrophy;
paraneural i. i. adjacent to or along a nerve.
perineural i. i. about a nerve.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infinity infinity (in-fin´i-te)
infinite distance



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infirm infirm (in-ferm´)
Weak or feeble because of old age or disease. [L. in-firmus, fr. in- neg. + firmus, strong]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infirmary infirmary (in-fer´ma-re)
A clinic or small hospital, especially in a school or college. [L. infirmarium; see infirm]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infirmity infirmity (in-fer´mi-te)
A weakness; an abnormal, more or less disabling, condition of mind or body. [see infirm]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflammable inflammable (in-flam´a-bl)
flammable [L. in-, intensive, + flamma, flame]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflammation inflammation (in-fla-ma´shun)
A fundamental pathologic process consisting of a dynamic complex of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic agent, including: 1) the local reactions and resulting morphologic changes, 2) the destruction or removal of the injurious material, 3) the responses that lead to repair and healing. The so-called "cardinal signs" of i. are: rubor, redness; calor, heat (or warmth); tumor, swelling; and dolor, pain; a fifth sign, functio laesa, inhibited or lost function, is sometimes added. All of the signs may be observed in certain instances, but no one of them is necessarily always present. [L. inflammo, pp. -atus, fr. in, in, + flamma, flame]
active i. acute i
acute i. any i. that has a fairly rapid onset, quickly becomes severe, usually manifested for only a few days, but may persist for several days or even a few weeks.active i;
adhesive i. i. in which the amount of fibrin in the exudate is sufficient to result in a slight or moderate degree of adherence of adjacent tissues, as in healing by first intention.
allergic i. See allergic reaction.
alterative i. a local reaction to injury, occasionally observed in the walls of blood vessels and in parenchymal cells of various organs in reacting to certain chemicals, viruses, and other intracellular agents; the response is characterized by degenerative changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, frequently resulting in necrosis, but exudation (if any) is ordinarily observed only in the wall of the affected vessel, or in the interstices immediately adjacent to the affected vessel or parenchymal cells.degenerative i;
atrophic i. a form of chronic i. or repeated episodes of acute i. in which the continued or recurrent proliferation of fibroblasts results in the formation of fibrous tissue that eventually contracts and leads to compression and atrophy of parenchymal tissue.fibroid i;
catarrhal i. an inflammatory process that is most frequent in the respiratory tract, but may occur in any mucous membrane, and is characterized by hyperemia of the mucosal vessels, edema of the interstitial tissue, enlargement of the secretory epithelial cells (which proliferate and form conspicuous globules of mucus), and an irregular layer of viscous, mucinous material on the surface; as exudation progresses, variable numbers of neutrophils migrate into the affected tissue and are included in the exudate, along with fragments of degenerated and necrotic epithelial cells; such an i. may frequently become mucopurulent.
chronic i. an i. that may begin with a relatively rapid onset or in a slow, insidious, and even unnoticed manner, tends to persist for several weeks, months, or years and has a vague and indefinite termination; results when the injuring agent (or products resulting from its presence) persists in the lesion, and the host's tissues respond in a manner (or to a degree) that is not sufficient to overcome completely the continuing effects of the injuring agent.
chronic active i. the coexistence of chronic i. and superimposed acute i.
degenerative i. alterative i
exudative i. i. in which the conspicuous or distinguishing feature is an exudate, which may be chiefly serous, serofibrinous, fibrinous, or mucous (e.g., relatively few cells are present), or may be characterized by relatively large numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, or plasma cells, frequently with one or two types being predominant; it occurs not only as a separate and distinct pathologic process, but also frequently as a part of certain granulomatous i.'s.
fibrinopurulent i. a purulent i. in which the exudate contains an unusually large amount of fibrin; also, a fibrinous or serofibrinous i. in which the accumulation of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes results in liquefactive necrosis of tissue and the formation of pus with a relatively large quantity of fibrin.
fibrinous i. an exudative i. in which there is a disproportionately large amount of fibrin.
fibroid i. atrophic i
granulomatous i. a form of proliferative i. See also granuloma.
hyperplastic i. proliferative i
immune i. See allergic reaction.
interstitial i. i. in which the inflammatory reaction occurs chiefly in the supportive fibrous connective tissue or stroma of an organ.
necrotic i. , necrotizing i. usually an acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histologic change is fairly rapid necrosis that occurs diffusely or extensively in relatively large foci throughout the affected tissue, frequently with only little or no evidence of cells in the exudate.
productive i. a vague term ordinarily used with reference to proliferative i., with or without an exudate; also sometimes used to indicate any i. in which grossly visible exudate is formed.
proliferative i. an inflammatory reaction in which the distinguishing feature is an actual increase in the number of tissue cells, especially the reticuloendothelial macrophages, in contrast to cells exuded from blood vessels; in addition, exudates of various types are likely to be observed in granulomas and other forms of proliferative i., but the latter may occur without an exudate being formed (as in certain infections caused by virus).hyperplastic i;
pseudomembranous i. a form of exudative i. that involves mucous and serous membranes; relatively large quantities of fibrin in the exudate result in a rather tenacious membrane-like covering that is fairly adherent to the underlying acutely inflamed tissue; the pseudomembrane usually contains (in addition to the dense network of fibrin) varying quantities of plasma protein, degenerated and necrotic elements from the affected tissue, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, bacteria, etc.
purulent i. an acute exudative i. in which the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is sufficiently great that their enzymes cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, focally or diffusely; the purulent exudate is frequently termed pus, and consists of plasma and its constituents, end products of the enzymatic digestion of tissue, degenerated and necrotic cells and their debris, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white blood cells, the causal agent of the i., etc.suppurative i;
sclerosing i. i. leading to extensive formation of fibrous and scar tissue.
serofibrinous i. i. in which the exudate consists chiefly of serous fluid with an unusually large proportion of fibrin.
serous i. an exudative i. in which the exudate is predominantly fluid (e.g., exuded from the blood vessels), with the protein, electrolytes, and other material contained therein; relatively few (if any) cells are observed.
subacute i. an i. that is intermediate in duration between that of an acute i. and that of a chronic i., usually persisting longer than 3 or 4 weeks.
suppurative i. purulent i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflammatory inflammatory (in-flam´a-tor-e)
Pertaining to, characterized by, causing, resulting from, or becoming affected by inflammation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflation inflation (in-fla´shun)
Distention by a fluid or gas.vesiculation (2) ; [L. inflatio, fr. in-flo, pp. -flatus, to blow into, inflate]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflator inflator (in-fla´ter, -tor)
An instrument for injecting air.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inflection inflection , inflexion (in-flek´shun)
1. An inward bending. 2. Obsolete term for diffraction. [L. in-flecto, pp. -flexus, to bend]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

influenza influenza (in-flu-en´za)
An acute infectious respiratory disease, caused by influenza viruses, which are found in the family Orthomyxoviridae, in which the inhaled virus attacks the respiratory epithelial cells of susceptible persons and produces a catarrhal inflammation; characterized by sudden onset, chills, fever of short duration (3 days), severe prostration, headache, muscle aches, and a cough that usually is dry until secondary infection occurs. The disease commonly occurs in epidemics, sometimes in pandemics, which develop quickly and spread rapidly; mortality rate is usually low, but may be high in cases with secondary bacterial pneumonia, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying debilitating diseases; strain-specific immunity develops, but mutations in the virus are frequent, and the immunity usually does not affect new, antigenically different strains.flu, grip (1), grippe; [It. influence (of planets or stars), fr. L. influentia, fr. in-fluo, to flow in]
i. A i. caused by strains of influenza virus type A. These strains have a high propensity for antigenic change. The infections occur in epidemics, which vary in size and severity; perhaps the most important of the three types of i. (A, B, and C).
Asian i. a worldwide i., apparently originating in China in the summer of 1957, which produces a milder disease than that of the pandemic of 1917-1919.
avian i. fowl plague
i. B i. caused by strains of influenza virus type B; outbreaks are usually more limited than those due to influenza virus type A, although infections by the two types are clinically indistinguishable; occasionally associated with Reye's syndrome.
i. C i. caused by strains of type C influenza virus; the disease is milder than that caused by types A and B and has become uncommon in recent years.
endemic i. i., usually of a less severe type, occurring with some degree of regularity during the winter season, especially in the larger cities of the world.i. nostras;
equine i. a highly contagious upper respiratory infection of horses and other equids caused by equine strains of influenza virus type A; characterized by fever and respiratory signs similar to but more severe than those of equine rhinopneumonitis; edema of the lower trunk and limbs (epizootic cellulitis) may occur; the disease is frequently fatal when secondary bacterial pneumonia intervenes.
Hong Kong i. influenza caused by a serotype of influenza virus type A and first identified in Hong Kong.
i. nos´tras endemic i
Russian i. a pandemic of a strain i. A virus thought to have originated in Russia; occurred in 1978.
Spanish i. i. that caused several waves of pandemic in 1918-1919, resulting in more than 20 million deaths worldwide; it was particularly severe in Spain (hence the name), but now is thought to have originated in the U.S. as a form of swine i.
swine i. an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by strains of influenza virus type A; it is believed to have become adapted to swine in the United States during the great human pandemic in 1918; fatal cases, as in such cases of pandemic i. in man, are commonly associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

influenzal influenzal (in-flu-en´zal)
Relating to, marked by, or resulting from influenza.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Influenzavirus Influenzavirus (in-flu-en´za-vI-rus)
The genus of Orthomyxoviridae that comprises the influenza viruses types A and B. Each type of virus has a stable nucleoprotein group antigen common to all strains of the type, but distinct from that of the other type; each also has a mosaic of surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) which characterize the strains and which are subject to variations of two kinds: 1) a rather continual drift that occurs independently within the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens; 2) after a period of years, a sudden shift (notably in type A virus of human origin) to a different hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antigen. The sudden major shifts are the basis of subdivisions of type A virus of human origin. Strain notations indicate type, geographic origin, year of isolation, and, in the case of type A strains, the characterizing subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens (e.g., A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3 N2); B/Hong Kong/5/72).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infold infold (in-fold´)
To inclose within a fold, as in "infolding" an ulcer of the stomach, in which the walls on either side of the lesion are brought together and sutured.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

informed consent informed consent
Voluntary consent given by a person or a responsible proxy (e.g., a parent) for participation in a study, immunization program, treatment regimen, etc., after being informed of the purpose, methods, procedures, benefits, and risks. The essential criteria of i.c. are that the subject has both knowledge and comprehension, that consent is freely given without duress or undue influence, and that the right of withdrawal at any time is clearly communicated to the subject. Other aspects of i.c. in the context of epidemiologic and biomedical research, and criteria to be met in obtaining it, are specified in International Guidelines for Ethical Review of Epidemiologic Studies (Geneva: CIOMS/WHO 1991) and International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (Geneva: CIOMS/WHO 1993).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

informofers informofers (in-for´mo-fers)
Name suggested for the protein particles that appear when RNA is removed from nucleoprotein particles. [information + -fer]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

informosomes informosomes (in-for´mo-somz)
Name suggested for the bodies composed of messenger (informational) RNA and protein that are found in the cytoplasm of animal cells. [information + G. soma, body]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infra- infra-
A position below the part denoted by the word to which it is joined. [L. below]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infra-axillary infra-axillary (in´fra-ak´si-lar-e)
subaxillary



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrabulge infrabulge (in´fra-bulj)
1. That portion of the crown of a tooth gingival to the height of contour. 2. That area of a tooth where the retentive portion of a clasp of a removable partial denture is placed.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracardiac infracardiac (in´fra-kar´de-ak)
Beneath the heart; below the level of the heart.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracerebral infracerebral (in´fra-ser´e-bral)
Pertaining to that portion of the nervous system below the level of the cerebrum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraclavicular infraclavicular (in´fra-kla-vik´yu-lar)
subclavian (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraclusion infraclusion (in-fra-klu´zhun)
The state wherein a tooth has failed to erupt to the maxillomandibular plane of interdigitation.infraocclusion, infraversion (3) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracortical infracortical (in-fra-kor´ti-kal)
Beneath the cortex of an organ, mainly the brain or kidney. See subcortical.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracostal infracostal (in-fra-kos´tal)
subcostal (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracotyloid infracotyloid (in-fra-kot´i-loyd)
Below the acetabulum or cotyloid cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracristal infracristal (in-fra-kris´tal)
Below the supraventricular crest; usually used in reference to ventricular septal defect. [infra- + L. crista, crest]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraction infraction (in-frak´shun)
A fracture; especially one without displacement.infracture; [L. infractio, a breaking, fr. infringere, to break]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infracture infracture (in-frak´chur)
infraction



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infradentale infradentale (in´fra-den-ta´le)
In craniometrics, the apex of the septum between the mandibular central incisors.lower alveolar point;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infradian infradian (in-fra´de-an)
Relating to biologic variations or rhythms occurring in cycles less frequent than every 24 hours. Cf. circadian, ultradian. [infra- + L. dies, day]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infradiaphragmatic infradiaphragmatic (in´fra-dI´a-frag-mat´ik)
subdiaphragmatic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraduction infraduction (in-fra-duk´shun)
deorsumduction



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraglenoid infraglenoid (in´fra-gle´noyd)
Inferior to the glenoid cavity of the scapula.subglenoid;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraglottic infraglottic (in-fra-glot´ik)
Inferior to the glottis.subglottic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrahepatic infrahepatic (in-fra-he-pat´ik)
subhepatic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrahyoid infrahyoid (in´fra-hI´oyd)
Below the hyoid bone; denoting especially a group of muscles: the sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus, thyrohyoideus, and omohyoideus.subhyoid, subhyoidean;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inframamillary inframamillary (in-fra-mam´I-lar-e)
Relating to that which is situated below a nipple.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inframammary inframammary (in-fra-mam´a-re)
Inferior to the mammary gland.submammary (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inframandibular inframandibular (in-fra-man-dib´yu-lar)
submandibular



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inframarginal inframarginal (in-fra-mar´ji-nal)
Below any margin or edge.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inframaxillary inframaxillary (in-fra-mak´si-la-re)
mandibular



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infranatant infranatant (in´fra-na´tant)
See infranatant fluid. [infra- + L. natare, to swim]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraocclusion infraocclusion (in´fra-o-klu´zhun)
infraclusion



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraorbital infraorbital (in´fra-or´bi-tal)
Below or beneath the orbit.suborbital;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrapatellar infrapatellar (in-fra-pa-tel´ar)
Inferior to the patella; denoting especially a bursa, a pad of fat, or a synovial fold.subpatellar (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrapsychic infrapsychic (in-fra-sI´kik)
Denoting ideas or actions originating below the level of consciousness.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrared infrared (in´fra-red)
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 770 and 1000 nm.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrascapular infrascapular (in-fra-skap´yu-lar)
Inferior to the scapula.subscapular (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrasonic infrasonic (in´fra-son´ik)
Denoting those frequencies that lie below the range of human hearing. [infra- + L. sonus, sound]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraspinatus infraspinatus (in-fra-spI-na´tus)
See infraspinatus muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraspinous infraspinous (in-fra-spI´nus)
Below a spine or spinous process; specifically, the fossa infraspinata.subspinous (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrasplenic infrasplenic (in´fra-splen´ik, -sple´nik)
Beneath or below the spleen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrasternal infrasternal (in-fra-ster´nal)
Inferior to the sternum.substernal (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrasubspecific infrasubspecific (in´fra-sub-spe-si´fik)
Denoting a category of organisms of rank lower than subspecies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infratemporal infratemporal (in-fra-tem´po-ral)
Below the temporal fossa.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infrathoracic infrathoracic (in´fra-tho-ras´ik)
Below or at the lower portion of the thorax.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infratonsillar infratonsillar (in-fra-ton´si-lar)
Below the palatine tonsil or cerebellar tonsil.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infratrochlear infratrochlear (in´fra-trok´le-ar)
Inferior to the trochlea or pulley of the superior oblique muscle of the eye.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraumbilical infraumbilical (in´fra-um-bil´i-kal)
Inferior to the umbilicus.subumbilical;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infraversion infraversion (in´fra-ver´shun)
1. A turning (version) downward. 2. In physiological optics, rotation of both eyes downward. 3. infraclusion



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infriction infriction (in-frik´shun)
The application of liniments or ointments combined with friction. [L. in, on, + frictio, a rubbing]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibula infundibula (in-fun-dib´yu-la)
Plural of infundibulum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibular infundibular (in-fun-dib´yu-lar)
Relating to an infundibulum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulectomy infundibulectomy (in´fun-dib´yu-lek´to-me)
Excision of the infundibulum, especially of hypertrophied ventricular septal myocardium encroaching on the ventricular outflow tract. [infundibulum + G. ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibuliform infundibuliform (in-fun-dib´yu-li-form)
choanoid [L. infundibulum, funnel, + forma, form]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulin infundibulin (in-fun-dib´yu-lin)
A 20% solution of an extract of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulofolliculitis infundibulofolliculitis (in-fun-dib´yu-lo-fo-lik´yu-lI´tis)
Inflammation of the follicular infundibulum, the superficial part of the hair follicle above the opening of the sebaceous gland.
disseminated recurrent i. a pruritic papular follicular eczema of the trunk and proximal extremities; usually occurs in blacks.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibuloma infundibuloma (in-fun-dib´yu-lo´ma)
A pilocytic astrocytoma arising in the neurohypophysis of the pituitary. [infundibulum + G. -oma, tumor]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulo-ovarian infundibulo-ovarian (in-fun-dib´yu-lo-o-va´re-an)
Relating to the fimbriated extremity of a uterine tube and the ovary.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulopelvic infundibulopelvic (in-fun-dib´yu-lo-pel´vik)
Relating to any two structures called infundibulum and pelvis, such as the expanded portion of a calyx and the pelvis of the kidney, or the fimbriated extremity of the uterine tube and the pelvis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infundibulum infundibulum, pl. infundibula (in-fun-dib´yu-lum, -yu-la)
1. [NA] A funnel or funnel-shaped structure or passage. 2. i. of uterine tube 3. The expanding portion of a calix as it opens into the pelvis of the kidney. 4. [NA] arterial cone 5. Termination of a bronchiole in the alveolus. 6. Termination of the cochlear canal beneath the cupola. 7. [NA] The funnel-shaped, unpaired prominence of the base of the hypothalamus behind the optic chiasm, enclosing the infundibular recess of the third ventricle and continuous below with the stalk of the hypophysis. 8. The contact surface indentation in the incisor and cheek teeth of a horse.i. of teeth, mark (2) ; [L. a funnel]
ethmoid i. ethmoidal i
ethmoidal i. a passage from the middle meatus of the nose communicating with the anterior ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus.i. ethmoidale [NA], ethmoid i;
i. ethmoida´le [NA] ethmoidal i
i. hypothal´ami [NA] hypothalamic i
hypothalamic i. the apical portion of the tuber cinereum extending into the stalk of the hypophysis.i. hypothalami [NA] ;
i. of lungs in the embryo, one of the expanded extremities of the subdivisions of the lung buds; in later development minute pouches (the air sacs) appear in its wall.
i. of teeth infundibulum (8)
i. tu´bae uteri´nae [NA] i. of uterine tube
i. of uterine tube the funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine (fallopian) tube.i. tubae uterinae [NA], infundibulum (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infusible infusible (in-fu´zi-bl)
1. Incapable of being melted or fused. 2. Capable of being made into an infusion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infusion infusion (in-fyu´zhun)
1. The process of steeping a substance in water, either cold or hot (below the boiling point), in order to extract its soluble principles. 2. A medicinal preparation obtained by steeping the crude drug in water. 3. The introduction of fluid other than blood, e.g., saline solution, into a vein. [L. infusio, fr. in-fundo, pp. -fusus, to pour in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infusodecoction infusodecoction (in-fyu´zo-de-kok´shun)
Rarely used term for: 1. Infusion followed by decoction. 2. A medicinal preparation made by steeping the crude drug first in cold water and then in boiling water.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Infusoria Infusoria (in-fu-so´re-a)
Archaic term for Ciliophora. [Mod. L. pertaining to or found in an infusion, fr. in-fundo, pp. in-fusus, to pour in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

infusorian infusorian (in-fyu-so´re-an)
Archaic term for a member of the class Infusoria, now the phylum Ciliophora.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ingesta ingesta (in-jes´ta)
Solid or liquid nutrients taken into the body. [pl. of L. ingestum, ntr. pp. of in-gero, -gestus, to carry in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ingestion ingestion (in-jes´chun)
1. Introduction of food and drink into the stomach. 2. Incorporation of particles into the cytoplasm of a phagocytic cell by invagination of a portion of the cell membrane as a vacuole. [L. in-gero, to carry in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ingestive ingestive (in-jes´tiv)
Relating to ingestion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ingrassia Ingrassia
Giovanni F., Italian anatomist, 1510-1580. See I.'s apophysis, wing.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ingravescent ingravescent (in-gra-ves´ent)
Increasing in severity. [L. ingravesco, to grow heavier, fr. gravis, heavy]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguen inguen (ing´gwen)
inguinal region [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinal inguinal (ing´gwi-nal)
Relating to the groin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinocrural inguinocrural (ing´gwi-no-kru´ral)
Relating to the groin and the thigh.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinodynia inguinodynia (ing´gwi-no-din´e-a)
Rarely used term for pain in the groin. [L. inguen (inguin-), groin, + G. odyne, pain]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinolabial inguinolabial (ing´gwi-no-la´be-al)
Relating to the groin and the labium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinoperitoneal inguinoperitoneal (ing´gwi-no-per´i-to-ne´al)
Relating to the groin and the peritoneum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inguinoscrotal inguinoscrotal (ing´gwi-no-skro´tal)
Relating to the groin and the scrotum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

INH INH
Abbreviation for isonicotinic acid hydrazide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhalant inhalant (in-ha´lant)
1. That which is inhaled; a remedy given by inhalation. 2. A drug (or combination of drugs) with high vapor pressure, carried by an air current into the nasal passage, where it produces its effect. 3. Group of products consisting of finely powdered or liquid drugs that are carried to the respiratory passages by the use of special devices such as low pressure aerosol containers.insufflation (2) ; See also inhalation, aerosol. [see inhalation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhalation inhalation (in-ha-la´shun)
1. The act of drawing in the breath.inspiration; 2. Drawing a medicated vapor in with the breath. 3. A solution of a drug or combination of drugs for administration as a nebulized mist intended to reach the respiratory tree. [L. in-halo, pp. -halatus, to breathe at or in]
solvent i. i. of volatile organic solvents used in glue, nail polish remover, lacquer thinners, cleaning fluid, lighter fluid, and gasoline, for the purpose of self-intoxication. See also glue-sniffing.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhale inhale (in-hal´)
To draw in the breath.inspire;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhaler inhaler (in-hal´er)
1. respirator (1) 2. An apparatus for administering pharmacologically active agents by inhalation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inherent inherent (in-her´ent)
Occurring as a natural part or consequence; latent imminent; intrinsic. [L. inhaerens, sticking to, adhering]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inheritance inheritance (in-her´i-tans)
1. Characters or qualities that are transmitted from parent to offspring by coded cytological data; that which is inherited. 2. Cultural or legal endowment. 3. The act of inheriting. [L. heredito, inherit, fr. heres (hered-), an heir]
alternative i. 1. mendelian i 2. Galton's term for an assumed form in which all the characters are derived from one parent.
blending i. Galton's term for i. in which no component is conspicuous or obtrusive.
codominant i. i. in which two alleles are individually expressed in the presence of each other; there may be other alleles available at the locus that may or may not exhibit codominance.
collateral i. the appearance of characters in collateral members of a family group, as when an uncle and a niece show the same character inherited from a common ancestor; in recessive characters it may appear irregularly, in contrast to dominant characters transmitted directly from one generation to the next.
cytoplasmic i. transmission of characters dependent on self-perpetuating elements not nuclear in origin (e.g., mitochondrial DNA).extranuclear i;
dominant i. See dominance of traits.
extrachromosomal i. transmission of characters dependent on some factor not connected with the chromosomes.
extranuclear i. cytoplasmic i
galtonian i. i. in which a measurable phenotype is generated by many loci, the contributions of which are statistically independent, additive, and of about equal value. (The latter are in accordance with the classical central limit therein and justify the use of the multivariate normal distribution in galtonian genetics).polygenic i;
holandric i. Y-linked i
hologynic i. transmission of a trait from mother to her daughters but to no sons, attributed to attached (partially fused) X chromosomes, to cytoplasmic i., or to sex limitation with abnormal segregation, e.g., hematocolpos.
maternal i. transmission of characters that are dependent on peculiarities of the egg cytoplasm produced, in turn, by nuclear genes.
mendelian i. i. in which stable and undecomposable characters controlled entirely or overwhelmingly by a single genetic locus are transmitted over many generations. See Mendel's first law, law of segregation, law of independent assortment.alternative i. (1) ;
mosaic i. i. in which the paternal influence is dominant in one group of cells and the maternal in another. Cf. lyonization.
multifactorial i. i. involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Cf. galtonian i.
polygenic i. galtonian i
recessive i. See dominance of traits.
sex-influenced i. i. that is autosomal but has a different intensity of expression in the two sexes, e.g., male pattern baldness.
sex-limited i. i. of a trait that can be expressed in one sex only, e.g., testicular feminization.
sex-linked i. the pattern of inheritance that may result from a mutant gene located on either the X or Y chromosome.
X-linked i. the pattern of i. that may result from a mutant gene on an X chromosome.
Y-linked i. the pattern of i. that may result from a mutant gene located on a Y chromosome.holandric i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inherited inherited (in-her´it-ed)
Derived from a preformed genetic code present in the parents. Contrast with acquired.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibin inhibin (in-hib´in)
Two glycoproteins, i. A and i. B, secreted by Sertoli cells in the testis and granulosa cells in the ovary, which inhibit FSH secretion by direct action on the pituitary. [inhibit + -in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibit inhibit (in-hib´it)
To curb or restrain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibitine inhibitine (in-hib´i-ten)
carnosine



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibition inhibition (in-hi-bish´un)
1. Depression or arrest of a function. See also inhibitor. 2. In psychoanalysis, the restraining of instinctual or unconscious drives or tendencies, especially if they conflict with one's conscience or with societal demands. 3. In psychology, a generic term for a variety of processes associated with the gradual attenuation, masking, and extinction of a previously conditioned response. [L. in-hibeo, pp. -hibitus, to keep back, fr. habeo, to have]
allogeneic i. i. or injury to allogeneic cells that occurs when lymphocytes are mixed and cultured with other cells of different genotypes in vitro.
central i. suppression or diminution of outgoing impulses from a reflex center.
competitive i. blocking of the action of an enzyme by a compound that binds to the free enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and thus prevents the enzyme from acting on that substrate. The competitive inhibitor is often a substrate analog and binds at the active site; however, this is not an absolute requirement for competitive i. Saturating levels of substrate can remove the inhibition. Cf. isostery. selective i;
contact i. cessation of replication of dividing cells that come into contact, as in the center of a healing wound.
end product i. feedback i
feedback i. i. of activity by an end product of the pathway of which that activity is a part; e.g., thyroliberin stimulates thyroglobulin production, and thyroglobulin decreases thyrotropin formation.end product i., retroinhibition;
hapten i. of precipitation i. of precipitation that occurs when the precipitin has combined with hapten of the same specificity as the subsequently added antigen.
hemagglutination i. i. of nonimmune hemagglutination by antibody specific for the hemagglutinin; e.g., viral hemagglutination will not occur if antibody specific for the virus is added before addition of red blood cells. The i. is specific and is widely used for virus identification and for antibody determination.
noncompetitive i. a type of enzyme i. in which the inhibiting compound does not compete with the natural substrate for the active site on the enzyme, but inhibits the reaction by combining with the enzyme-substrate complex, once the latter has been formed, and with the free enzyme.
potassium i. arrest of the heart in the fully relaxed state as a result of potassium intoxication.
proactive i. a type of interference or negative transfer, observed in memory experiments and other learning situations, when something learned previously interferes with present learning or recall. Cf. retroactive i.
product i. i. of an enzyme activity by a product of the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme.
reciprocal i. 1. reciprocal innervation 2. systematic desensitization
reflex i. a situation in which sensory stimuli decrease reflex activity.
residual i. the i. or suppression of tinnitus by use of a sound-generating device (residual inhibitor) which masks the sounds of tinnitus and produces a residual sound-inhibiting effect when the device is turned off.
retroactive i. the partial or complete obliteration of memory by a more recent event, particularly new learning. Cf. proactive i.
selective i. competitive i
substrate i. i. of an enzyme activity by a substrate of the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme; often, this type of i. occurs at elevated substrate levels in which the substrate is binding to a second, non-active site on the enzyme.
uncompetitive i. an inhibitory effect on a metabolic function, such as an enzyme, not based on competition for the binding site of the naturally occurring substrate, but on a different effect on the molecule whose function is being inhibited.
Wedensky i. i. of muscle response resulting from application of a series of rapidly repeated stimuli to the motor nerve where slower frequency of stimulation results in muscle response.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibitor inhibitor (in-hib´i-ter, -tor)
1. An agent that restrains or retards physiologic, chemical, or enzymatic action. 2. A nerve, stimulation of which represses activity. See also inhibition.
angiotensin-converting enzyme i.'s (ACEI) a class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension; they produce a reduction of peripheral arterial resistance, although the exact mechanism of action has not been fully determined; they block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor.
aromatase i.'s drugs, such as aminoglutethimide, that inhibit aromatase, an enzyme used in the synthesis of estrogens.
Bowman-Birk i. a polypeptide that will inhibit both trypsin and chymotrypsin.
carbonate dehydratase i. an agent, usually chemically related to the sulfonamides, that inhibits the activity of carbonate dehydratase, producing a general decrease in the formation of H2CO3 in the tissues. See also acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide.carbonic anhydrase i;
carbonic anhydrase i. carbonate dehydratase i
C1 esterase i. an a2-neuraminoglycoprotein that inhibits the enzymatic activity of C1 esterase, the activated first component of complement. A deficiency of this i. results in a lack of inhibition of C1r and C1s leading to uncontrolled activation of the complement cascade and edema.
cholinesterase i. a drug, such as neostigmine, which, by inhibiting biodegradation of acetylcholine, restores myoneural function in myasthenia gravis or after nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxants have been administered.
familial lipoprotein lipase i. an i. found in certain individuals that inhibits lipoprotein lipase resulting in accumulation of chylomicrons, VLDL, and triacylglycerols; similar in symptoms to familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
glucosidase i.'s agents such as acarbose which reduce gastrointestinal absorption of carbohydrates. This group of drugs has been known popularly as "starch blockers". They lower plasma glucose levels and tend to cause weight loss. A limiting side effect is flatulence.
HMG CoA reductase i.'s drugs, such as lovastatin and pravastatin, which interfere with the biosynthesis of cholesterol; used to treat hyperlipidemia.
human a1-proteinase i. (a1PI) a1-antitrypsin
beta-lactamase i.'s drugs such as clavulanic acid, which are used to inhibit bacterial beta-lactamases; often used with a penicillin or cephalosporin to overcome drug resistance.
lipoprotein-associated coagulation i. (LACI) formerly known as anticonvertin; a protein that inhibits the extrinsic pathway of coagulation by binding to the tissue factor III-factor VII-Ca2+-factor Xa complex.
mechanism-based i. suicide substrate
monoamine oxidase i. (MAOI) any of the hydrazine (-NHNH2) and hydrazide (-CONHNH2) derivatives that inhibit several enzymes and raise the brain norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels; used as antidepressant and hypotensive agents.
ovulation i. a compound that inhibits ovulation; often found in oral contraceptives.
residual i. a sound-generating device, worn in the ear, which inhibits or suppresses the sounds of tinnitus by masking, with a residual inhibitory effect when the device is turned off.
respiratory i. a compound that inhibits the respiratory chain.respiratory poison;
serine protease i.'s a class of highly polymorphic inhibitors of trypsin, elastase, and certain other proteases synthesized by hepatocytes and macrophages See also a1-antitrypsin.serpins;
trypsin i. 1. a peptide hydrolyzed off trypsinogen under the catalytic influence of enteropeptidase, with trypsin produced as a result; so called because the peptide masks or inhibits the active site of the trypsin molecule; 2. one of the polypeptides, from various sources (e.g., human and bovine colostrum, soybeans, egg white), that inhibit the action of trypsin. Cf. Bowman-Birk i.
a1-trypsin i. a1-antitrypsin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inhibitory inhibitory (in-hib´i-tor-e)
Restraining; tending to inhibit.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iniac iniac (in´e-ak)
Relating to the inion.inial;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iniad iniad (in´e-ad)
In a direction toward the inion. [L. ad, to]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inial inial (in´e-al)
iniac



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iniencephaly iniencephaly (in´e-en-sef´a-le)
Malformation consisting of a cranial defect at the occiput, with the brain exposed; often in combination with a cervical rachischisis and retroflexion. [G. inion, back of the head, + enkephalos, brain]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inion inion (in´e-on) [NA]
A point located on the external occipital protuberance at the intersection of the midline with a line drawn tangent to the uppermost convexity of the right and left superior nuchal lines. [G. nape of the neck]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iniopagus iniopagus (in´e-op´a-gus)
craniopagus occipitalis [inion + G. pagos, fixed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iniops iniops (in´e-ops)
janiceps asymmetrus [inion + G. ops, eye, face]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

initiation initiation (i-ni-she-a´shun)
1. The first stage of tumor induction by a carcinogen; subtle alteration of cells by exposure to a carcinogenic agent so that they are likely to form a tumor upon subsequent exposure to a promoting agent (promotion). 2. Starting point of replication or translation in macromolecule biosynthesis. 3. Start of chemical or enzymatic reaction.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

initis initis (in-I´tis)
1. Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 2. myositis [G. is (in-), fiber, + -itis, inflammation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inject inject (in-jekt´)
To introduce into the body; denoting a fluid forced beneath the skin or into a blood vessel. See also injection. [L. injicio, to throw in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injectable injectable (in-jek´ta-bl)
1. Capable of being injected into anything. 2. Capable of receiving an injection.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injected injected (in-jek´ted)
1. Denoting a fluid introduced into the body. 2. Denoting blood vessels visibly distended with blood.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injection injection (in-jek´shun)
1. Introduction of a medicinal substance or nutrient material into the subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous or hypodermic i.), the muscular tissue (intramuscular i.), a vein (intravenous i.), an artery (intraarterial i.), the rectum (rectal i. or enema), the vagina (vaginal i. or douche), the urethra, or other canals or cavities of the body. 2. An injectable pharmaceutical preparation. 3. Congestion or hyperemia. [L. injectio, a throwing in, fr. in-jicio, to throw in]
adrenal cortex i. obsolete treatment involving the parenteral administration of extract of the adrenal cortex; formerly used in treatment of Addison's disease.
collagen i. correction of superficial soft tissue deformities, acne scars, or age-related skin changes by i. (implantation) of collagen; bovine collagen preparations are commonly used. Prior intradermal testing is necessay to exclude hypersensitivity.
depot i. an i. of a substance in a vehicle that tends to keep it at the site of i. so that absorption occurs over a prolonged period.
hypodermic i. the administration of a remedy in liquid form by i. into the subcutaneous tissues.hypodermic (2) ;
insulin i. a preparation that may contain 20, 40, 80, 100, or 500 USP insulin units per ml, although the trend is toward standardizing all insulin preparations at 100 units per ml; it is administered subcutaneously, occasionally intravenously, and has a rapid onset of action, has a brief duration (5 to 7 hours), and is compatible for mixing with long-acting insulin preparations; used in the treatment of diabetic acidosis and insulin coma.regular insulin i;
intrathecal i. introduction of material for diffusion throughout the subarachnoid space by means of lumbar puncture.
intraventricular i. the introduction of materials for diffusion throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid space by means of ventricular puncture.
jet i. hypodermic i. of drugs by a jet injector.
lactated Ringer's i. a sterile solution of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water for injection; used intravenously as a systemic alkalizer and a fluid and electrolyte replenisher.
regular insulin i. insulin i
Ringer's i. a sterile solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride, containing in each 100 ml between 820 and 900 mg of sodium chloride, between 25 and 35 mg of potassium chloride, and between 30 and 37 mg of calcium chloride; used intravenously as a fluid and electrolyte replenisher.
selective i. i. of contrast medium following selective catheterization of a branch artery or vein for angiography.
sensitizing i. an i. that sensitizes a person so that subsequent exposure to the antigen (allergen) evokes an allergic response.
test i. intravenous i. of a few milliliters of radiographic contrast medium to screen for allergic or idiosyncratic responses.
Z-tract i. a technique in which the skin and subcutaneous tissue are displaced laterally before inserting the needle intramuscularly; used to prevent leakage along the track of the needle and consequent tissue irritation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injector injector (in-jek´ter)
A device for making injections.
jet i. an i. that uses high pressure to force a liquid through a small orifice at a velocity sufficient to penetrate skin or mucous membrane without the use of a needle.
power i. an i. for rapid contrast medium injection in angiography or computed tomography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injure injure (in´jer)
To wound, hurt, or harm.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

injury injury (in´jer-e)
The damage or wound of trauma. [L. injuria, fr. in- neg. + jus (jur-), right]
blast i. tearing of lung tissue or rupture of abdominal viscera without external i., as by the force of an explosion.
closed head i. a head i. in which continuity of the scalp and mucous membranes is maintained.
contrecoup i. of brain an i. occurring beneath the skull opposite to the area of impact.
coup i. of brain an i. occurring directly beneath the skull at the area of impact.
current of i. See current of injury.
degloving i. avulsion of the skin of the hand (or foot) in which the part is skeletonized by removal of most or all of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
egg-white i. egg-white syndrome
hyperextension-hyperflexion i. violence to the body causing the unsupported head to hyperextend and hyperflex the neck rapidly; does not imply any specific resultant trauma or pathology.
i. of intervertebral disk See traumatic cervical discopathy.
open head i. a head i. in which there is a loss of continuity of scalp or mucous membranes; the term is sometimes used to indicate a communication between the exterior and the intracranial cavity. See also penetrating wound.
pneumatic tire i. separation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia, classically occurring when an extremity is crushed and rolled over by the tire of a vehicle but may be incurred through other mechanisms that produce shear forces; may occur particularly in cases of obesity.
reperfusion i. myocardial impairment, usually with arrhythmia, following the opening of arterial blockage and considered to be due to oxygen-derived free radicals.
steering wheel i. trauma to the anterior chest wall caused by impact with the steering wheel during an automobile accident; can include fractured sternum and ribs, cardiac contusion, tear of the aorta or other great vessels, as well as lung injuries.
whiplash i. popular term for hyperextension-hyperflexion i.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inlay inlay (in´la)
1. In dentistry, a prefabricated restoration sealed in the cavity with cement. 2. A graft of bone into a bone cavity. 3. A graft of skin into a wound cavity for epithelialization. 4. In orthopaedics, an orthomechanical device inserted into a shoe; commonly called an "arch support."
epithelial i. inlay graft
gold i. a gold restoration fabricated by casting in a mold made from a wax pattern; the restoration is sealed in the prepared cavity with dental cement.
porcelain i. a fused porcelain restoration luted in a cavity prepared in a tooth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inlet inlet
A passage leading into a cavity.aditus [NA] ;
i. of larynx the aperture between the pharynx and larynx, bounded by the superior edges of the epiglottis (anteriorly), the aryepiglottic folds (laterally), and the mucosa between the arytenoids (posteriorly).aditus laryngis [NA], laryngeal aperture;
pelvic i. superior pelvic aperture



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innate innate (i´nat, i-nat´)
inborn [L. in-nascor, pp. -natus, to be born in, pp. as adj. inborn, innate]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innervation innervation (in´er-va´shun)
The supply of nerve fibers functionally connected with a part. [L. in, in, + nervus, nerve]
reciprocal i. contraction in a muscle is accompanied by a loss of tone or by relaxation in the antagonistic muscle.reciprocal inhibition (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innidiation innidiation (i-nid-e-a´shun)
The growth and multiplication of abnormal cells in another location to which they have been transported by means of lymph or the blood stream, or both. See also metastasis.colonization (1), indenization; [L. in, in, + nidus, nest]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innocent innocent (in´o-sent)
1. Not apparently harmful. 2. Free from moral wrong. [L. innocens (-ent-), fr. in, neg., + noceo, to injure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innocuous innocuous (i-nok´yu-us)
Harmless.innoxious; [L. innocuus]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innominatal innominatal (i-nom´i-na-tal)
Relating to the hip bone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innominate innominate (i-nom´i-nat)
anonyma [L. innominatus, fr. in- neg. + nomen (nomin-), name]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

innoxious innoxious (i-nok´shus)
innocuous [L. in-noxius, fr. in, neg. + noceo, to injure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ino Ino
Symbol for inosine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ino- ino- , in-
Obsolete prefix for fiber, fibrous; replaced in most terms by fibro-. [G. is (in-), fiber]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoculability inoculability (i-nok´yu-la-bil´i-te)
The quality of being inoculable.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoculable inoculable (i-nok´yu-la-bl)
1. Transmissible by inoculation. 2. Susceptible to a disease transmissible by inoculation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoculate inoculate (i-nok´yu-lat)
1. To introduce the agent of a disease or other antigenic material into the subcutaneous tissue or a blood vessel, or through an abraded or absorbing surface for preventive, curative, or experimental purposes. 2. To implant microorganisms or infectious material into or upon culture media. 3. To communicate a disease by transferring its virus. [L. inoculo, pp. -atus, to ingraft]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoculation inoculation (i-nok-yu-la´shun)
Introduction into the body of the causative organism of a disease.
stress i. in clinical psychology, an approach intended to provide patients with cognitive and attitudinal skills that they can use to cope with stress.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoculum inoculum (i-nok´yu-lum)
The microorganism or other material introduced by inoculation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Inocybe Inocybe (i-no´sI-be)
A genus of mushrooms containing several species that have a high yield of muscarine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inopectic inopectic (in-o-pek´tik)
Relating to inopexia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoperable inoperable (in-op´er-a-bl)
Denoting that which cannot be operated upon, or cannot be corrected or removed by an operation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inopexia inopexia (in-o-pek´se-a)
A tendency toward spontaneous coagulation of the blood. [ino + G. pexis, fixation, + -ia]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inorganic inorganic (in-or-gan´ik)
1. Not organic; not formed by living organisms. 2. See inorganic compound. 3. Not containing carbon.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosamine inosamine (in-os´a-men)
An inositol in which an -OH group is replaced by an -NH2 group.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inoscopy inoscopy (in-os´ko-pe)
The microscopic examination of biologic materials (e.g., tissue, sputum, clotted blood) after dissecting or chemically digesting the fibrillary elements and strands of fibrin. [ino- + G. skopeo, to look at]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inose inose (in´os)
inositol



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosemia inosemia (in-o-se´me-a)
1. The presence of inositol in the circulating blood. 2. fibremia [inose + G. haima, blood]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosinate inosinate (in-o´si-nat)
A salt or ester of inosinic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosine (I, Ino) inosine (I, Ino) (in´o-sen)
9-beta-d-Ribosylhypoxanthine;a nucleoside formed by the deamination of adenosine.hypoxanthinosine;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosine 5´-diphosphate (IDP) inosine 5´-diphosphate (IDP)
Inosine esterified at its 5´ position with diphosphoric acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosine 5´-monophosphate (IMP) inosine 5´-monophosphate (IMP)
inosinic acid
IMP dehydrogenase an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of IMP, water, and NAD+ to form NADH and xanthosine 5´-monophosphate (XMP), the immediate precursor of GMP.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosine pranobex inosine pranobex (in´o-sen pran´o-beks)
A 1:3 molar complex of 1-dimethylaminopropan-2-ol-4-acetamidobenzoate and inosine, used as an antiviral agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosine 5´-triphosphate (ITP) inosine 5´-triphosphate (ITP) (in´o-sen)
Inosine with triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5´ position; participates in a number of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosinic acid inosinic acid (in-o-sin´ik)
A mononucleotide found in muscle and other tissues; a key intermediate in purine biosynthesis; also produced in relatively high levels in muscle.inosine 5´-monophosphate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosinicase inosinicase (in-o-sin´-a-kas)
An enzyme that functions in purine biosynthesis and catalyzes the ring closure reaction that produces inosinic acid from 5´-phosphoribosyl 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosinyl inosinyl (in-o´si-nil)
The radical of inosinic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosite inosite (in´o-sIt)
inositol



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inositide inositide (in-o´si-tId)
Term used for phosphatidylinositol or any inositol-containing phospholipid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inositol inositol (in-o´si-tol, -tol)
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydroxycyclohexane;a member of the vitamin B complex necessary for growth of yeast and of mice; absence from the diet causes alopecia and dermatitis in mice and "spectacle eyes" in rats. It occurs in a number of stereoisomeric forms: cis-, epi-, allo-, neo-, myo-, muco-, chiro-, and scyllo-inositols; the most abundant naturally occurring one is myo-inositol (usually meant when "inositol" occurs alone).antialopecia factor, cyclohexitol, inose, inosite, lipositol, mouse antialopecia factor;
i. niacinate hexanicotinoyl inositol;a peripheral vasodilator.
i. 1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate a phosphorylated derivative of i. formed from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate that causes Ca2+ entry into the cytosol from the extracellular medium; inactivated by hydrolysis to form inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate.
i. 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) a second messenger formed from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; triggers the release of calcium ions from special vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum; has a role in the activation of neutrophils.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

meso-inositol meso-inositol
1. Generic term for any isomer of meso-inositol in which the hydroxyl groups are so arranged that the molecule as a whole possesses a plane of symmetry and is optically inactive. 2. Former name for myo-inositol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

myo-inositol myo-inositol
1,2,3,5/4,6-Inositol;a constituent of various phosphatidylinositols and the most widely distributed form of inositol found in microorganisms, higher plants, and animals. In plants, it is found as phytic acid and as phytin; partially phosphorylated and free forms occur throughout nature, and in many tissues.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosituria inosituria (in´o-sI-tu´re-a)
The excretion of inositol in the urine.inosuria (1) ; [inositol + G. ouron, urine]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inosuria inosuria (in-o-su´re-a)
1. inosituria 2. The occurrence of fibrin in the urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inotropic inotropic (in-o-trop´ik)
Influencing the contractility of muscular tissue. [ino- + G. tropos, a turning]
negatively i. weakening muscular action.
positively i. strengthening muscular action.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Inoviridae Inoviridae (i-no-vir´i-de)
Provisional name for a family of filamentous bacterial viruses with a genome of single-stranded DNA (molecular weight 1.9 to 2.7 x 106). Coliphage fd, the type species of the fd phage group genus, adsorbs to the tips of pili of male enterobacteria and, after multiplication, particles are released without causing lysis of the host bacterium. [ino- + virus]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in phase in phase
Moving in the same direction at the same time; a possible characteristic of two simultaneous oscillations of similar frequency.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inquest inquest (in´kwest)
A legal inquiry into the cause of sudden, violent, or mysterious death. [L. in, in, + quaero, pp. quaesitus, to seek]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inquiline inquiline (in´kwi-lIn, -lin)
An animal that lives habitually in the abode of some other species (an oyster crab within the shell of an oyster) causing little or no inconvenience to the host. See also commensal. [L. inquilinus, an inhabitant of a place that is not his own, fr. in, in, + colo, to inhabit]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insalubrious insalubrious (in-sa-lu´bre-us)
Unwholesome; unhealthful; usually in reference to climate. [L. in-salubris, unwholesome]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insane insane (in-san´)
1. Of unsound mind; severely mentally impaired; deranged; crazy. 2. Relating to insanity. [L. in- neg. + sanus, sound, sane]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insanitary insanitary (in-san´i-tar-e)
Injurious to health, usually in reference to an unclean or contaminated environment.unsanitary; [L. in- neg. + sanus, sound]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insanity insanity (in-san´i-te)
1. An outmoded term referring to severe mental illness or psychosis. 2. In law, that degree of mental illness which negates the individual's legal responsibility or capacity. [L. in- neg. + sanus, sound]
criminal i. in forensic psychiatry, a term that describes the degree of mental competence and that is defined by such currently applicable legal precedents as the American Law Institute rule, Durham rule, M'Naghten rule, and the New Hampshire rule.
i. defense in forensic psychiatry, the use in the courtroom of i. as a mitigating factor in the defense of an individual on trial for a serious criminal offense. See criminal i.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inscriptio inscriptio (in-skrip´she-o)
inscription [L. fr. in-scribo, pp. -scriptus, to write on]
i. tendin´ea tendinous intersection



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inscription inscription (in-skrip´shun)
1. The main part of a prescription; that which indicates the drugs and the quantity of each to be used in the mixture. 2. A mark, band, or line.inscriptio; [L. inscriptio]
tendinous i. tendinous intersection



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Insecta Insecta (in-sek´ta)
The insects, the largest class of the phylum Arthropoda and the largest major grouping of living things, chiefly characterized by flight, great adaptability, vast speciation in terrestrial and freshwater environments, and possession of three pairs of jointed legs and, usually, two pairs of wings. Some are parasitic, others serve as intermediate hosts for parasites, including those that cause many human diseases. Some are wingless; others, such as the Diptera, have only one pair of wings. Respiration is by tracheoles, cuticle-lined air tubes that pass air directly to the tissues. Development in higher forms is holometabolous and passes through distinctive egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages.Hexapoda; [L. pl. of insectus, insect, fr. in-seco, pp. -sectus, to cut into]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insectarium insectarium (in-sek-ta´re-um)
Place for keeping and breeding insects for scientific purposes. [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insecticide insecticide (in-sek´ti-sId)
An agent that kills insects. [insect + L. caedo, to kill]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insectifuge insectifuge (in-sek´ti-fuj)
A substance that drives off insects. [insect + L. fugo, to put to flight]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Insectivora Insectivora (in-sek-tiv´o-ra)
An order of small, plantigrade, placental mammals that are extremely active and often highly predaceous; they feed mostly on insects and small rodents, although the jes or potomogale of Africa feeds on fish. Eight living families include the solenodons of Cuba and Haiti, tenrecs of Madagascar, hedgehog of Europe and Asia, and shrews and moles of the U.S., Africa, and Asia. [insect + L. voro, to devour]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insectivorous insectivorous (in-sek-tiv´o-rus)
Insect-eating. [insect + L. voro, to devour]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insecurity insecurity (in-se-kyur´i-te)
A feeling of unprotectedness and helplessness.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insemination insemination (in-sem-i-na´shun)
Deposit of seminal fluid within the vagina, normally during coitus.semination; [L. in-semino, pp. -atus, to sow or plant in, fr. semen, seed]
artificial i. the introduction of semen into the vagina other than by coitus.
donor i. heterologous i
heterologous i. artificial i. with semen from a donor who is not the woman's husband.donor i;
homologous i. artificial i. with the husband's semen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insenescence insenescence (in-se-nes´ens)
The process of growing old. [L. insenesco, to begin to grow old]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insensible insensible (in-sen´si-bl)
1. unconscious 2. Not appreciable by the senses. [L. in-sensibilis, fr. in, neg. + sentio, pp. sensus, to feel]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insert insert (in´sert)
1. An additional length of base pairs in DNA that has been introduced into that DNA. 2. An additional length of bases that has been introduced into RNA. 3. An additional length of amino acids that has been introduced into a protein.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insertion insertion (in-ser´shun)
1. A putting in. 2. The attachment of a muscle to the more movable part of the skeleton, as distinguished from origin. 3. In dentistry, the intraoral placing of a dental prosthesis. 4. Intrusion of fragments of any size from molecular to cytogenetic into the normal genome. [L. insertio, a planting in, fr. inserto, -sertus, to plant in]
parasol i. velamentous i
velamentous i. a form of i. of the fetal blood vessels into the placenta, in which the vessels separate before reaching the placenta and develop toward it in a fold of amnion, somewhat like the ribs of an open parasol.parasol i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insheathed insheathed (in-shethd´)
Enclosed in a sheath or capsule.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insidious insidious (in-sid´e-us)
Treacherous; stealthy; denoting a disease that progresses gradually with inapparent symptoms. [L. insidiosus, cunning, fr. insidiae (pl.), an ambush]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insight insight (in´sIt)
Self-understanding as to the motives and reasons behind one's own actions or those of another's.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in situ in situ (in sI´tu)
In position, not extending beyond the focus or level of origin. [L. in, in, + situs, site]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insolation insolation (in-so-la´shun)
1. Exposure to the sun's rays. 2. sunstroke [L. insolare, to place in the sun]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insoluble insoluble (in-sol´yu-bl)
Not soluble.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insomnia insomnia (in-som´ne-a)
Inability to sleep, in the absence of external impediments, such as noise, a bright light, etc., during the period when sleep should normally occur; may vary in degree from restlessness or disturbed slumber to a curtailment of the normal length of sleep or to absolute wakefulness.sleeplessness; [L. fr. in- priv. + somnus, sleep]
conditioned i. a form of insomnia resulting from conditioned behaviors that are incompatible with sleep, e.g., each time a person walks into his bedroom, his first thought is that he is not going to be able to sleep.
subjective i. a condition characterized by the subjective experience of greatly reduced sleep, in the context of relatively normal physiologic measures of sleep.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insomniac insomniac (in-som´ne-ak)
1. A sufferer from insomnia. 2. Exhibiting, tending toward, or producing insomnia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insorption insorption (in-sorp´shun)
Movement of substances from the lumen of the gut into the blood. [L. in, in, + sorbere, to suck]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspectionism inspectionism (in-spek´shun-izm)
Sexual pleasure from looking at genitals.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspersion inspersion (in-sper´shun, -zhun)
Sprinkling with a fluid or a powder. [L. inspersio, fr. in-spergo, pp. -spersus, to scatter upon, fr. spargo, to scatter]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspiration inspiration (in-spi-ra´shun)
inhalation (1) [L. inspiratio, fr. in-spiro, pp. -atus, to breathe in]
crowing i. noisy breathing associated with respiratory obstruction, usually at the larynx.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspiratory inspiratory (in-spI´ra-to-re)
Relating to or timed during inhalation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspire inspire (in-spIr´)
inhale



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspirometer inspirometer (in-spI-rom´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring the force, frequency, or volume of inspirations. [L. in-spiro, to breathe in, + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspissate inspissate (in-spis´at)
To perform or undergo inspissation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspissation inspissation (in-spi-sa´shun)
1. The act of thickening or condensing, as by evaporation or absorption of fluid. 2. An increased thickening or diminished fluidity. [L. in, intensive, + spisso, pp. -atus, to thicken]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inspissator inspissator (in-spis´a-tor)
An apparatus for evaporating fluids.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instability instability (in-sta-bil´i-te)
The state of being unstable, or lacking stability.
detrusor i. a bladder that has detrusor contractions that occur inappropriately, either at inappropriately low volumes or involuntarily.detrusor hyperreflexia;
spinal i. the inability of the spinal column, under physiologic loads, to maintain its normal configuration; may result in damage to the spinal cord or nerve roots or lead to the development of a painful spinal deformity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instar instar (in´stahr)
Any of the successive nymphal stages in the metamorphosis of hemimetabolous insects (simple or incomplete metamorphosis), or the stages of larval change by successive molts that characterize the holometabolous insects (complex or complete metamorphosis). [L. form]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instep instep
The arch, or highest part of the dorsum of the foot. See also tarsus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instillation instillation (in-sti-la´shun)
Dropping of a liquid on or into a part. [L. instillatio, fr. in-stillo, pp. -atus, to pour in by drops, fr. stilla, a drop]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instillator instillator (in´sti-la-ter)
A device for performing instillation.dropper;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instinct instinct (in´stinkt)
1. An enduring disposition or tendency of an organism to act in an organized and biologically adaptive manner characteristic of its species. 2. The unreasoning impulse to perform some purposive action without an immediate consciousness of the end to which that action may lead. 3. In psychoanalytic theory, the forces assumed to exist behind the tension caused by the needs of the id. [L. instinctus, impulse]
aggressive i. death i
death i. the i. of all living creatures toward self-destruction, death, or a return to the inorganic lifelessness from which they arose.aggressive i;
ego i.'s self-preservative needs and self-love, as opposed to object love; drives that are primarily erotic.
herd i. tendency or inclination to band together with and share the customs of others of a group, and to conform to the opinions and adopt the views of the group.social i;
life i. the i. of self-preservation and sexual procreation; the basic urge toward preservation of the species.sexual i;
sexual i. life i
social i. herd i



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instinctive instinctive , instinctual (in-stink´tiv, -stink´chu-al)
Relating to instinct.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instrument instrument (in´stru-ment)
A tool or implement. [L. instrumentum]
diamond cutting i.'s in dentistry, cylinders, disks, and other cutting i.'s to which numerous small diamond pyramids have been attached by a plating of metal.
Krueger i. stop a mechanical device limiting the insertion of a root canal i. into a canal.
plugging i. plugger
purse-string i. an intestinal clamp with jaws at an angle to the handle; when closed across the bowel, large grooved interdigitating serrations allow passage of a straight needle and suture through each side to form a purse-string suture, after which the clamp is removed.
Sabouraud-Noiré i. an obsolete device for measuring the quantity of x-rays by means of the change in color of a disk of barium platinocyanide which exposure to them produces; the unit used in this method is called tint B = erythema dose.
stereotactic i. , stereotaxic i. an apparatus attached to the head, used to localize precisely an area in the brain by means of coordinates related to intracerebral structures.
test handle i. a root canal i. the handle of which is similar to a collet chuck and which can be secured in position on the root canal i. to adjust its effective length.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instrumentarium instrumentarium (in´stru-men-tar´e-um)
A collection of instruments and other equipment for an operation or for a medical procedure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

instrumentation instrumentation (in´stru-men-ta´shun)
1. The use of instruments. 2. In dentistry, the application of armamentarium in a restorative procedure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insuccation insuccation (in´su-ka´shun)
Maceration or soaking, especially of a crude drug to prepare it for further pharmaceutical operation. [L. insuco, pp. -atus, to soak in, fr. in, in, + sucus, juice, sap (improp. succ-)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insudate insudate (in´su-dat)
Fluid swelling within an arterial wall (ordinarily serous), differing from an exudate in that it does not come to lie extramurally. [L. in, in, + sudo, pp. -atus, to sweat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insufficiency insufficiency (in-su-fish´en-se)
1. Lack of completeness of function or power. 2. incompetence (1) [L. in-, neg. + sufficientia, fr. sufficio to suffice]
acute adrenocortical i. severe adrenocortical i. when an intercurrent illness or trauma causes an increased demand for adrenocortical hormones in a patient with adrenal insufficiency due to disease or use of relatively large amounts of similar hormones as therapy; characterized by nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and frequently hyperthemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypoglycemia; can be fatal if untreated.addisonian crisis, adrenal crisis, Bernard-Sergent syndrome;
adrenocortical i. loss, to varying degrees, of adrenocortical function.hypocorticoidism;
aortic i. See valvular i.
cardiac i. heart failure (1)
chronic adrenocortical i. adrenocortical i. usually as the result of idiopathic atrophy or destruction of both adrenal glands by tuberculosis, an autoimmune process, or other diseases; characterized by fatigue, decreased blood pressure, weight loss, increased melanin pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes, anorexia, and nausea or vomiting; without appropriate replacement therapy, it can progress to acute adrenocortical i.Addison's disease, addisonian syndrome, hyposupradrenalism, morbus Addisonii;
convergence i. that condition in which an esophoria or esotropia is more marked for far vision than for near vision.
coronary i. inadequate coronary circulation leading to anginal pain.coronarism (1) ;
divergence i. that condition in which an exophoria or exotropia is more marked for near vision than for far vision.
exocrine pancreatic i. lack of exocrine secretions of pancreas, due to destruction of acini, usually by chronic pancreatitis; lack of digestive enzymes from pancreas results in diarrhea, usually fatty (steatorrhea) because of lack of pancreatic enzymes.
hepatic i. defective functional activity of the liver cells.
latent adrenocortical i. adrenocortical i. not clinically evident but which can become severe if a sudden stress, such as an intercurrent acute illness, develops.
mitral i. See valvular i.
muscular i. failure of any muscle to contract with its normal force, especially such failure of any of the eye muscles.
myocardial i. heart failure (1)
parathyroid i. hypoparathyroidism
partial adrenocortical i. normal basal adrenocortical function with failure of adrenocortical reserve to respond to ACTH stimulation.
primary adrenocortical i. adrenocortical i. caused by disease, destruction, or surgical removal of the adrenal cortices.
pulmonary i. See valvular i.
pyloric i. patulousness of the pyloric outlet of the stomach, allowing regurgitation of duodenal contents into the stomach.
renal i. defective function of the kidneys, with accumulation of waste products (particularly nitrogenous) in the blood.
respiratory i. failure to adequately provide oxygen to the cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them.
secondary adrenocortical i. adrenocortical i. caused by failure of ACTH secretion resulting from anterior pituitary disease or inhibition of ACTH production resulting from exogenous steroid therapy.
thyroid i. subnormal secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland. See also hypothyroidism.
tricuspid i. See valvular i.
uterine i. atony of the uterine musculature.
valvular i. valvular regurgitation
velopharyngeal i. anatomical or functional deficiency in the soft palate or superior constrictor muscle, resulting in the inability to achieve velopharyngeal closure.
venous i. inadequate drainage of venous blood from a part, resulting in edema or dermatosis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insufflate insufflate (in-suf´lat)
May involve injection of carbon dioxide into the peritoneum to achieve pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy and laparoscopic surgery. [L. in-sufflo, to blow on or into]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insufflation insufflation (in-suf-la´shun)
1. The act or process of insufflating. 2. inhalant (3)
perirenal i. an obsolete technique involving injection of air or carbon dioxide about the kidneys for radiography of the adrenal glands.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insufflator insufflator (in´suf-la-ter)
An instrument used in insufflation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insula insula, gen and pl. insulae (in´su-la, -le)
1. [NA] An oval region of the cerebral cortex overlying the extreme capsule, lateral to the lenticular nucleus, buried in the depth of the fissura lateralis cerebri (sylvian fissure).insular area, insular cortex, island of Reil; 2. island 3. Any circumscribed body or patch on the skin. [L. island]
Haller's i. a doubling of the thoracic duct for part of its course through the thorax.Haller's annulus;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insular insular (in´su-lar)
Relating to any insula, especially the island of Reil.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulate insulate (in´su-lat)
To prevent the passage of electric or radiant energy by the interposition of a nonconducting substance. [L. insulatus, made like an island]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulation insulation (in-su-la´shun)
1. The act of insulating. 2. The nonconducting substance so used. 3. The state of being insulated.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulator insulator (in´su-la-ter)
A nonconducting substance used as insulation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulin insulin (in´su-lin)
A polypeptide hormone, secreted by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, that promotes glucose utilization, protein synthesis, and the formation and storage of neutral lipids; obtained from various animals and available in a variety of preparations, i. is used parenterally in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [L. insula, island, + -in]
biphasic i. the specific antidiabetic principle of the pancreas of the ox in a solution of that from the pancreas of the pig.
globin i. regular i
globin zinc i. a sterile solution of i. modified by the addition of zinc chloride and globin; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; duration of action is about 18 hours.
human i. a protein that has the normal structure of i. produced by the human pancreas, prepared by recombinant DNA techniques and by semisynthetic processes.
immunoreactive i. (IRI) that portion of i. in blood measured by immunochemical methods for the hormone; presumed to represent the free (unbound) and biologically active fraction of total blood i.
isophane i. a modified form of i. composed of i., protamine, and zinc; an intermediately acting preparation used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.NPH i;
lente i. insulin zinc suspension
NPH i. isophane i [Neutral Protamine Hagedorn]
protamine zinc i. i. modified by the addition of protamine and zinc chloride; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml.
regular i. a rapidly acting form of i. which is a clear solution and may be administered intravenously as well as subcutaneously; may be mixed with longer acting forms of i. to extend the duration of effect. Onset of effect occurs in 1 / 2 to 1 hour, peak effects are observed in 2 to 3 hours, and the duration of effect is about 5 to 7 hours.globin i;
semilente i. prompt insulin zinc suspension
ultralente i. a form of zinc precipitated i. in suspension in which the particle size is large, and thus release into the bloodstream after subcutaneous injection is slow; it can be mixed with other i.'s having different particle sizes to achieve different durations of activity. Can be derived from porcine, bovine, or genetically engineered human type.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulinemia insulinemia (in´su-li-ne´me-a)
Literally, insulin in the circulating blood; usually connotes abnormally large concentrations of insulin in the circulating blood. [insulin + G. haima, blood]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulinogenesis insulinogenesis (in´su-lin-o-jen´e-sis)
Production of insulin. [insulin + G. genesis, production]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulinogenic insulinogenic , insulogenic (in´su-lin-o-jen´ik, in´su-lo-jen´ik)
Relating to insulinogenesis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulinoma insulinoma (in´su-li-no´ma)
An islet cell adenoma that secretes insulin.insuloma;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insulitis insulitis (in´su-lI´tis)
Inflammation of the islands of Langerhans, with lymphocytic infiltration which may result from viral infection and be the initial lesion of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [L. insula, island, + -itis, inflammation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insuloma insuloma (in-su-lo´ma)
insulinoma [L. insula, island, + -oma, tumor]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insult insult (in´sult)
An injury, attack, or trauma. [LL. insultus, fr L. insulto, to spring upon]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

insusceptibility insusceptibility (in´su-sep´ti-bil´i-te)
immunity [L. suscipio, pp. -ceptus, to take upon one, fr. sub, under, + capio, to take]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

int. cib. int. cib.
Abbreviation for L. inter cibos, between meals.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integral integral (int´e-gral)
1. Constituent. 2. Integrated. 3. See integration (3).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integration integration (in-te-gra´shun)
1. The state of being combined, or the process of combining, into a complete and harmonious whole. 2. In physiology, the process of building up, as by accretion, anabolism, etc. 3. In mathematics, the process of ascertaining a function from its differential. 4. In molecular biology, a recombination event in which a genetic element is inserted. [L. integro, pp. -atus, to make whole, fr. integer, whole]
personality i. the effective organization of old and new experience, data, and emotional capacities into the personality; the harmonious organization of the personality.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integrins integrins (in-te´grinz)
A class of proteins that link the outside of cells with their interior, thus integrating response, e.g., the mediation of adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. [L. integer, whole, intact, fr. in- + tango, to touch + -in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integrity integrity (in-teg´ri-te)
Soundness or completeness of structure; a sound or unimpaired condition.
marginal i. of amalgam the ability of a dental amalgam restoration to maintain its original marginal form at the cavosurface margins.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integument integument (in-teg´yu-ment)
1. The enveloping membrane of the body; includes, in addition to the epidermis and dermis, all of the derivatives of the epidermis, e.g., hairs, nails, sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, and mammary glands. 2. The rind, capsule, or covering of any body or part.tegument (2) ; integumentum commune [NA], tegument (1) ; [L. integumentum, a covering, fr. in-tego, to cover]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integumentary integumentary (in-teg-yu-men´ta-re)
Relating to the integument. See also cutaneous, dermal.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

integumentum commune integumentum commune (in-teg-yu-men´tum ko-myun´) [NA]
integument



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intellectualization intellectualization (in-te-lek´chu-al-i-za´shun)
An unconscious defense mechanism in which reasoning, logic, or focusing on and verbalizing intellectual minutiae is used in an attempt to avoid confrontation with an objectionable impulse, affect, or interpersonal situation. [L. intellectus, perception, discernment]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intelligence intelligence (in-tel´i-jens)
1. An individual's aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment, especially in relation to the extent of one's perceived effectiveness in meeting challenges. 2. In psychology, an individual's relative standing on two quantitative indices, measured i. and effectiveness of adaptive behavior; a quantitative score or similar index on both indices constitutes the operational definition of i. [L. intelligentia]
abstract i. the capacity to understand and manage abstract ideas and symbols.
artificial i. 1. a branch of computer science in which attempts are made to replicate human intellectual functions. One application is the development of computer programs for diagnosis. Such programs are often based on epidemiologic analysis of data in large numbers of medical records; 2. a machine that replicates human intellectual functions, although no machine (i.e., computer) can do this yet.
measured i. that i. which can be ranked relative to an age or peer group quantitative index by use of scores on i. tests.
mechanical i. the capacity to understand and manage technical mechanisms.
social i. the capacity to understand and manage one's human relations and social affairs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intemperance intemperance (in-tem´per-ans)
Lack of proper self-control, usually in reference to the use of alcoholic beverages. Cf. incontinence (2). [L. intemperantia, fr. in-, neg. + temperantia, moderation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intensity intensity (in-ten´si-te)
Marked tension; great activity; often used simply to denote a measure of the degree or amount of some quality. [L. in- tendo, pp. -tensus, to stretch out]
luminous i. (I) the luminous flux per unit solid angle in a given direction.candle-power, radiant i;
radiant i. (I) luminous i
i. of sound the objective measurement of the amplitude of vibration of a sound wave.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intensive intensive (in-ten´siv)
Relating to or marked by intensity; denoting a form of treatment by means of very large doses or of substances possessing great strength or activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intention intention (in-ten´shun)
1. An objective. 2. In surgery, a process or operation. [L. intentio, a stretching out; intention]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inter- inter-
Among, between. [L. inter, between]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interacinar interacinar (in-ter-as´i-nar)
interacinous



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interacinous interacinous (in-ter-as´i-nus)
Between the acini of a gland.interacinar;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interaction interaction (int´er-ak´shun)
1. The reciprocal action between two entities in a common environment as in chemical i., ecological i., social i., etc. 2. The effects when two entities concur that would not be observed with either in isolation. 3. In statistics, pharmacology, and quantitative genetics, the phenomenon that the combined effects of two causes differ from the sum of the effects separately (as in synergism and antagonism). 4. Independent operation of two or more causes to produce or prevent an effect. 5. In statistics, the necessity for a product term in a linear model.
apolar i. hydrophobic i
hydrophobic i. i. between uncharged substituents on different molecules without a sharing of electrons or protons; entropy-driven i.apolar i;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interalveolar interalveolar (in´ter-al-ve´o-lar)
Between any alveoli, especially the alveoli of the lungs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interannular interannular (in-ter-an´yu-lar)
Between any two ringlike structures or constrictions. [inter- + L. anulus, ring]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interarch interarch (in´ter-arch)
See interarch distance.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interarticular interarticular (in-ter-ar-tik´yu-lar)
1. Between two joints. 2. Between two joint surfaces. [inter- + L. articulus, joint]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interarytenoid interarytenoid (in´ter-ar´i-te´noyd)
Between the arytenoid cartilages.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interasteric interasteric (in-ter-a-ste´rik)
Between the two asteria. See asterion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interatrial interatrial (in-ter-a´tre-al)
Between the atria of the heart.interauricular (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interauricular interauricular (in´ter-aw-rik´yu-lar)
1. interatrial 2. Between the auricles or pinnae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interbody interbody (in´ter-bod´e)
Between the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercadence intercadence (in-ter-ka´dens)
The occurrence of an extra beat between the two regular pulse beats. [inter- + L. cado, pr. p. cadens (-ent-), to fall]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercadent intercadent (in-ter-ka´dent)
Irregular in rhythm; characterized by intercadence.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercalary intercalary (in-ter´ka-ler-e, in-ter-kal´er-e)
1. Occurring between two others; as in a pulse tracing, an upstroke interposed between two normal pulse beats. 2. In fungi, located in a hypha or between hyphal segments, not at a hyphal terminus. [L. intercalarius, concerning an insertion]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercalated intercalated (in-ter´ka-la-ted)
Interposed; inserted between two others. [L. intercalatus]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercalation intercalation (in´ter-ka´la-shun)
The process of insertion between two other entities; e.g., insertion of a dye or drug between stacked bases in DNA.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercanalicular intercanalicular (in-ter-kan-a-lik´yu-lar)
Between canaliculi.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercapillary intercapillary (in-ter-kap´i-la-re)
Between or among capillary vessels.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercarotic intercarotic , intercarotid (in-ter-ka-rot´ik, -id)
Between the internal and external carotid arteries.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercarpal intercarpal (in-ter-kar´pal)
Between the carpal bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercartilaginous intercartilaginous (in´ter-kar-ti-laj´i-nus)
Between or connecting cartilages.interchondral;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercavernous intercavernous (in´ter-kav´er-nus)
Between two cavities.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercellular intercellular (in-ter-sel´yu-lar)
Between or among cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercentral intercentral (in-ter-sen´tral)
Connecting or lying between two or more centers.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercentrum intercentrum, pl. intercentra (in-ter-sen´trum, -tra)
In veterinary anatomy, an intervertebral disc between vertebrae, and the hemal arch beneath vertebrae of some reptiles, birds, and mammals. See also hemal arches, under arch.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercerebral intercerebral (in´ter-ser´e-bral)
Between the cerebral hemispheres.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interchondral interchondral (in-ter-kon´dral)
intercartilaginous [inter- + L. chondros, cartilage]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercilium intercilium (in-ter-sil´e-um)
glabella [inter- + L. cilium, eyelid]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interclavicular interclavicular (in-ter-kla-vik´yu-lar)
Between or connecting the clavicles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercoccygeal intercoccygeal (in´ter-kok-sij´e-al)
Situated between unfused segments of the coccyx.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercolumnar intercolumnar (in-ter-ko-lum´nar)
Between any two columns, as the columns or crura of the superficial inguinal ring.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercondylar intercondylar , intercondylic , intercondyloid (in-ter-kon´di-lar, -kon-dil´ik, -kon´di-loyd)
Between two condyles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interconversion interconversion (in-ter-kon-ver´shun)
A mutual alteration of the physical or chemical nature of a substance or entity; e.g., i. of chemical compounds or of foodstuffs.
enzyme i. the reversible transformation of one enzyme form into another, typically with an alteration in the enzyme activity or regulation, e.g., phosphorylation of a glycogen phosphorylase.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercostal intercostal (in-ter-kos´tal)
Between the ribs. [inter- + L. costa, rib]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercostohumeral intercostohumeral (in´ter-kos´to-hyu´mer-al)
Relating to an intercostal space and the arm. See intercostobrachial nerves, under nerve.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercostohumeralis intercostohumeralis (in-ter-kos´to-hyu-mer-a´lis)
See intercostobrachial nerves, under nerve.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercourse intercourse (in´ter-kors)
Communication or dealings between or among people. [L. intercursus, a running between]
sexual i. coitus



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercricothyrotomy intercricothyrotomy (in-ter-krI´ko-thI-rot´o-me)
cricothyrotomy



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercristal intercristal (in-ter-kris´tal)
Between two crests, as between the crests of the ilia, applied to one of the pelvic measurements.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercross intercross (in´ter-kros)
A mating between two individuals both heterozygous at a specified locus or loci.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercrural intercrural (in-ter-kru´ral)
Between two crura; e.g., the cerebral peduncles of the brain, etc.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercurrent intercurrent (in-ter-ker´ent)
Intervening; said of a disease attacking a person already ill of another malady. [inter- + L. curro, pr. p. currens (-ent-), to run]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercuspation intercuspation (in´ter-kus-pa´shun)
1. The cusp-to-fossa relation of the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth to each other. 2. The interlocking or fitting together of the cusps of opposing teeth.interdigitation (4) ; intercusping;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercusping intercusping (in-ter-kus´ping)
intercuspation [L. inter, among, mutually, + cusp]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intercutaneomucous intercutaneomucous (in´ter-kyu-ta´ne-o-mu´kus)
Between skin and mucous membrane, as in the cheek or lip or at the mucocutaneous border of the lips or anus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdeferential interdeferential (in-ter-def-er-en´shal)
Between the deferent ducts.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdental interdental (in-ter-den´tal)
1. Between the teeth. 2. Denoting the relationship between the proximal surfaces of the teeth of the same arch. [inter- + L. dens, tooth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdentium interdentium (in-ter-den´she-um)
The interval between any two contiguous teeth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdigit interdigit (in-ter-dij´it)
That part of the hand or foot lying between any two adjacent fingers or toes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdigital interdigital (in-ter-dij´i-tal)
Between the fingers or toes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdigitation interdigitation (in´ter-dij-i-ta´shun)
1. The mutual interlocking of toothed or tonguelike processes. 2. The processes thus interlocked. 3. Infoldings or plicae of adjacent cell or plasma membranes. 4. intercuspation (2) [inter- + L. digitus, finger]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interdisciplinary interdisciplinary (in-ter-dis´i-pli-nar-e)
Denoting the overlapping interests of different fields of medicine and science. [inter- + L. disciplina, knowledge]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interface interface (in´ter-fas)
1. A surface that forms a common boundary of two bodies. 2. The boundary between regions of different radiopacity, acoustic, or magnetic resonance properties; the projection of the i. between tissues of different such properties on an image.
crystalline i. in dentistry, a boundary between adjacent crystals.
dermoepidermal i. the line of meeting of the dermis and epidermis.
metal i. in dentistry, a boundary between metal and nonsolvent solder, or between metal and surface oxide.
structural i. in dentistry, a boundary between tooth and restorative material.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfacial interfacial (in-ter-fa´shal)
Relating to an interface.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfascicular interfascicular (in´ter-fa-sik´yu-lar)
Between fasciculi.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfemoral interfemoral (in-ter-fem´o-ral)
Between the thighs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interference interference (in-ter-fer´ens)
1. The coming together of waves in various media in such a way that the crests of one series correspond to the hollows of the other, the two thus neutralizing each other; or so that the crests of the two series correspond, thus increasing the excursions of the waves. 2. Collision within the myocardium of two waves of excitation at the junction of territories controlled by each, as is seen in A-V dissociation. 3. Also, in A-V dissociation, the disturbance of the regular rhythm of the ventricles by a conducted impulse from the atria, e.g., by a ventricular capture (interference beat). 4. The condition in which infection of a cell by one virus prevents superinfection by another virus, or in which superinfection prevents effects which would result from infection by either virus alone, even though both viruses persist. [inter- + L. ferio, to strike]
bacterial i. the condition in which colonization by one bacterial strain prevents colonization by another strain.
cuspal i. deflective occlusal contact



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interferometer interferometer (in´ter-fe-rom´e-ter)
An instrument for measuring minute distances or movements through the interference of light waves thereby produced. [interfere + G. metron, measure]
electron i. an i. that employs an electron beam in place of a light beam.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interferometry interferometry (in´ter-fe-rom´e-tre)
Measurement of minute distances or movements by interaction of waves of electromagnetic energy.
electron i. i. in which a beam of electrons is used instead of a beam of light.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interferon (IFN) interferon (IFN) (in-ter-fer´on)
A class of small (MW 26,000-38,000) glycoproteins that exert antiviral activity at least in homologous cells through cellular metabolic processes involving synthesis of double-stranded RNA, which is an intermediate in replication of RNA viruses. Antiviral mechanisms include the effect on viral translation. These substances also have numerous non-antiviral actions, and can regulate many cell properties and functions. IFN's are classified into three major groups, alpha, beta, and gamma, based on their reactivities with antibodies as well as their physico-chemical properties and their cells of origin and method of induction; Arabic numerals and letters are appended to the Greek letter to delineate subcategories. [interfere + -on]
i. alpha (IFN-a) a number of different subtypes exist that are elaborated by leukocytes in response to viral infection or stimulation with double-stranded RNA; IFN-a-2A and -2B are protein products made by recombinant DNA techniques and are used as antineoplastic agents.leukocyte i;
antigen i. i. gamma
i. beta (IFN-beta) i. elaborated by fibroblasts in response to the same stimuli as i. alpha.fibroblast i;
fibroblast i. i. beta
i. gamma (IFN-gamma) i. elaborated by T lymphocytes in response to either specific antigen or mitogenic stimulation.antigen i., immune i;
immune i. i. gamma
leukocyte i. i. alpha



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interferon-beta2 interferon-beta2
interleukin-6



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfibrillar interfibrillar , interfibrillary (in´ter-fI´bri-lar, -fI´bri-lar-e; -fI-bril´ar)
Between fibrils.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfibrous interfibrous (in-ter-fI´brus)
Between fibers.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfilamentous interfilamentous (in´ter-fil-a-men´tus)
Between filaments.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interfrontal interfrontal (in-ter-fron´tal)
Between the unfused halves of the frontal bone; denoting a persistent suture there present. (anomalous)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interganglionic interganglionic (in´ter-gang´le-on´ik)
Between or among or connecting ganglia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intergemmal intergemmal (in´ter-jem´al)
Between any two or more budlike or bulblike bodies such as the taste buds; denoting especially a nerve termination between two end bulbs. [inter- + L. gemma, bud]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intergenal intergenal (in-ter-jen´al)
Between different genes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interglobular interglobular (in-ter-glob´yu-lar)
Between globules.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intergluteal intergluteal (in-ter-glu´te-al)
Between the buttocks. [inter- + G. gloutos, buttock]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intergonial intergonial (in-ter-go´ne-al)
Between the two gonia. See gonion. [inter- + G. gonia, angle]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intergyral intergyral (in-ter-jI´ral)
Between the gyri or convolutions of the brain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interhemicerebral interhemicerebral (in´ter-hem´e-ser´e-bral)
Between the cerebral hemispheres.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interictal interictal (in-ter-ik´tal)
The period between convulsions. [inter- + L. ictus, stroke]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interior interior (in-ter´e-or)
Relating to the inside; situated within.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interischiadic interischiadic (in-ter-is-ke-ad´ik)
Between the two ischia; especially, between the two tuberosities of the ischia.intersciatic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interkinesis interkinesis (in´ter-ki-ne´sis)
Period between the first and second divisions of meiosis; comparable to interphase of mitosis. [inter- + G. kinesis, movement]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interlamellar interlamellar (in´ter-la-mel´ar, -lam´e-lar)
Between lamellae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin interleukin
The name given to cytokines once their amino acid structure is known. See lymphokines, cytokine. [inter- + leukocyte + -in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-1 (IL-1) interleukin-1 (IL-1) (in-ter-lu´kin)
A cytokine, derived primarily from mononuclear phagocytes, which enhances the proliferation of T helper cells and growth and differentiation of B cells. When secreted in larger quantities, IL-1 enters the bloodstream and can cause fever, induce synthesis of acute phase proteins, and initiate metabolic wasting. There are two distinct forms of IL-1: alpha and beta, both of which perform the same functions, but represent different proteins.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-2 (IL-2) interleukin-2 (IL-2)
A cytokine derived from T helper lymphocytes that causes proliferation of T lymphocytes and activated B lymphocytes.T-cell growth factor-1, T-cell growth factor;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-3 (IL-3) interleukin-3 (IL-3)
A cytokine derived from monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells that increases production of monocytes.multi-colony-stimulating factor;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-4 (IL-4) interleukin-4 (IL-4)
A cytokine derived from T4 lymphocytes that causes differentiation of B lymphocytes.B-cell differentiating factor, T-cell growth factor-2;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-5 (IL-5) interleukin-5 (IL-5)
A cytokine derived from T lymphocytes that causes activation of B lymphocytes and differentiation of eosinophils.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-6 (IL-6) interleukin-6 (IL-6)
A cytokine derived from fibroblasts, macrophages, and tumor cells that increases synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by B lymphocytes.B-cell stimulatory factor 2, interferon-beta2;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-7 (IL-7) interleukin-7 (IL-7)
A cytokine derived from bone marrow cells that causes proliferation of B and T lymphocytes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-8 (IL-8) interleukin-8 (IL-8)
A cytokine derived from endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, and monocytes which causes chemotaxis of neutrophils and T cell lymphocytes.anionic neutrophil activating peptide, monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, neutrophil activating factor, neutrophil activating protein, neutrophil chemotactant factor;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-9 (IL-9) interleukin-9 (IL-9)
A cytokine derived from T cells which causes growth and proliferation of T cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-10 (IL-10) interleukin-10 (IL-10)
A cytokine derived from helper T cell lymphocytes, B cell lymphocytes, and monocytes that inhibits gamma-interferon (IFNgamma) secretion by T cell lymphocytes and it inhibits mononuclear cell inflammation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-11 (IL-11) interleukin-11 (IL-11)
A cytokine derived from bone marrow stromal cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, and preadipocytes) which stimulates increased plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), mannose-binding protein, serum amyloid P component, a1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, and complement components C9 and factor B).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-12 (IL-12) interleukin-12 (IL-12)
A cytokine derived from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and macrophages that induces gamma-interferon (IFNgamma) gene expression in T lymphocytes and NK cells.natural killer cell stimulating factor;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-13 (IL-13) interleukin-13 (IL-13)
A cytokine derived from helper T cell lymphocytes that inhibits mononuclear cell inflammation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-14 (IL-14) interleukin-14 (IL-14)
A cytokine derived from T cells which stimulates B cell proliferation and inhibits Ig secretion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interleukin-15 (IL-15) interleukin-15 (IL-15)
A cytokine derived from T cells which stimulates T cell proliferation and NK cell activation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interlobar interlobar (in-ter-lo´bar)
Between the lobes of an organ or other structure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interlobitis interlobitis (in´ter-lo-bI´tis)
Inflammation of the pleura separating two pulmonary lobes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interlobular interlobular (in-ter-lob´yu-lar)
Between the lobules of an organ.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermalleolar intermalleolar (in-ter-mal-e´o-lar)
Between the malleoli.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermammary intermammary (in-ter-mam´a-re)
Between the breasts. [inter- + L. mamma, breast]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermammillary intermammillary (in-ter-mam´i-la-re)
Between the breasts; between the nipples; denoting a line drawn between the two nipples. [inter- + L. mammilla, breast, nipple]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermarriage intermarriage (in-ter-mar´ij)
1. Marriage of relatives. 2. Marriage of persons of different races or cultures.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermaxilla intermaxilla (in-ter-maks-il´a)
os incisivum



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermaxillary intermaxillary (in-ter-mak´si-la-re)
Between the maxillae, or upper jaw bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermediary intermediary (in´ter-me´de-ar-e)
Occurring between. [L. intermedius, lying between, fr. medius, middle]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermediate intermediate (in´ter-me´de-it)
1. Between two extremes; interposed; intervening. 2. A substance formed in the course of chemical reactions that then proceeds to participate rapidly in further reactions, so that at any given moment it is present in minute concentrations only; such substances, when appearing in the course of the reactions involved in metabolism, are metabolic i.'s. 3. In dentistry, a cement base. 4. An element or organ between right and left (or lateral and medial) structures.intermedius [NA] ;
replicative i. during the copying of the viral RNA of an RNA virus, the opposite sense strand that serves as a template for positive strand production.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermedin intermedin (in-ter-me´din)
melanotropin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermediolateral intermediolateral (in-ter-me´de-o-lat´er-al)
Intermediate, and to one side, not central. Used especially to denote the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord gray mattter, abbreviated IML, the location of all presynaptic sympathetic nerve cell bodies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermedius intermedius (in-ter-me´de-us) [NA]
intermediate [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermembranous intermembranous (in-ter-mem´bra-nus)
Between membranes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermeningeal intermeningeal (in´ter-me-nin´je-al)
Between the meninges.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermenstrual intermenstrual (in-ter-men´stru-al)
Between two consecutive menstrual periods.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermetacarpal intermetacarpal (in-ter-met´a-kar´pal)
Between the metacarpal bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermetameric intermetameric (in´ter-met´a-mer´ik)
Between two metameres; denoting especially the intervertebral disks.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermetatarsal intermetatarsal (in-ter-met´a-tar´sal)
Between the metatarsal bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermetatarseum intermetatarseum (in-ter-met´a-tar´se-um)
os intermetatarseum



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermission intermission (in-ter-mish´un)
1. A temporary cessation of symptoms or of any action. 2. An interval between two paroxysms of a disease, such as malaria. [L. intermissio, fr. intermitto, to leave off, intermit, fr. mitto, to send]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermit intermit
To cease for a time.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermittence intermittence , intermittency (in-ter-mit´ens, -en-se)
1. A condition marked by intermissions or interruptions in the course of a disease or other process or state or in any continued action; denoting especially a loss of one or more pulse beats. 2. Complete cessation of symptoms between two periods of activity of a disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermittent intermittent (in-ter-mit´ent)
Marked by intervals of complete quietude between two periods of activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intermuscular intermuscular (in-ter-mus´kyu-lar)
Between the muscles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intern intern (in´tern)
An advanced student or recent graduate undertaking further education by assisting in the medical or surgical care of hospital patients, with supervision and instruction; formerly, one who resided within the institution. [F. interne, inside]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internal internal (in-ter´nal)
Away from the surface; often incorrectly used to mean medial.internus [NA] ; [L. internus]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internalization internalization (in-ter´nal-i-za´shun)
Adopting as one's own the standards and values of another person or society.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internarial internarial (in-ter-na´re-al)
Between the nares or nostrils.internasal;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internasal internasal (in-ter-na´sal)
internarial



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

International Classification of Disease (ICD) International Classification of Disease (ICD)
The classification of specific conditions and groups of conditions determined by an internationally representative expert committee that advises the World Health Organization, which publishes the complete list in a periodically revised book, the Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. The Tenth Revision (ICD) came into use in 1992; it has 20 chapters, each with a hierarchical arrangement of subdivisions (rubrics); some chapters are etiological, more relate to body systems, some to classes of conditions, some to procedures.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care
A classification of diseases, conditions and problems arranged for use in primary care where diagnostic precision is seldom possible.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps
A WHO-sponsored numerical taxonomy of the impairments, disabilities and handicaps consequent upon injury and disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

International Committee of the Red Cross International Committee of the Red Cross
A neutral Swiss organization serving as an intermediary between contending forces in armed conflict, in civil war, or internal strife, to help victims receive protection and other humanitarian assistance under the Geneva Conventions in accordance with the fundamental principles of the Red Cross.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

International System of Units (SI) International System of Units (SI)
A system of measurements, based on the metric system, adopted at the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures of the International Organization for Standardization (1960) to cover both the coherent units (basic, supplementary, and derived units) and the decimal multiples and submultiples of these units formed by use of prefixes proposed for general international scientific and technological use. SI proposes seven basic units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), Kelvin (K), candela (cd), and mole (mol) for the basic quantities of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance; supplementary units proposed include the radian (rad) for plane angle and steradian (sr) for solid angle; derived units (e.g., force, power, frequency) are stated in terms of the basic units (e.g., velocity is in meters per second, m/s-1). Multiples (prefixes) in descending order are: exa- (E, 1018), peta- (P, 1015), tera- (T, 1012), giga- (G, 109), mega- (M, 106), kilo- (k, 103), hecto- (h, 102), deca- (da, 101), deci- (d, 10-1), centi- (c, 10-2), milli- (m, 10-3), micro- (mu, 10-6), nano- (n, 10-9), pico- (p, 10-12), femto- (f, 10-15), atto- (a, 10-18). The prefix zepto (z) has been proposed for 10-21. Those involving a multiple of 103 are recommended; compounds of these are not recommended (e.g., mmu for n). [Fr. Système International d'Unités]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interne interne
Intern.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interneuromeric interneuromeric (in´ter-nur-o-mer´ik)
Between the neuromeres.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interneurons interneurons (in´ter-nu´ronz)
Combinations or groups of neurons between sensory and motor neurons that govern coordinated activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internist internist (in-ter´nist, in´ter-nist)
A physician trained in internal medicine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internodal internodal (in-ter-no´dal)
Between two nodes; relating to an internode.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internode internode (in´ter-nod)
internodal segment



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internuclear internuclear (in-ter-nu´kle-ar)
Between nerve cell groups in the brain or retina.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internuncial internuncial (in-ter-nun´se-al)
1. Indicating a neuron functionally interposed between two or more other neurons. 2. Acting as a medium of communication between two organs. [L. inter-nuntius (or -nuncius), a messenger between two parties, fr. inter, between, + nuncius, a messenger]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

internus internus (in-ter´nus) [NA]
internal [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interocclusal interocclusal (in´ter-o-klu´sal)
Between the occlusal surfaces of opposing teeth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interoceptive interoceptive (in´ter-o-sep´tiv)
Relating to the sensory nerve cells innervating the viscera (thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs, and the cardiovascular system), their sensory end organs, or the information they convey to the spinal cord and the brain. [inter- + L. capio, to take]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interoceptor interoceptor (in´ter-o-sep´ter)
One of the various forms of small sensory end organs (receptors) situated within the walls of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts or in other viscera. [inter- + L. capio, to take]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interolivary interolivary (in-ter-ol´i-var-e)
Between the left and right inferior olive of the medulla oblongata.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interorbital interorbital (in-ter-or´bi-tal)
Between the orbits.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interosseal interosseal (in-ter-os´e-al)
interosseous



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interossei interossei (in-ter-os´e-I)
Plural of interosseus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interosseous interosseous (in´ter-os´e-us)
Lying between or connecting bones; denoting certain muscles and ligaments.interosseal; [inter- + L. os, bone]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interosseus interosseus, pl. interossei (in´ter-os´e-us, -os´e-I)
See muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpalpebral interpalpebral (in-ter-pal´pe-bral)
Between the eyelids.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interparietal interparietal (in´ter-pa-rI´e-tal)
Between the walls of a part, or between the parietal bones. [inter- + L. paries, wall]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interparoxysmal interparoxysmal (in´ter-par-ok-siz´mal)
Occurring between successive paroxysms of a disease.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpediculate interpediculate (in-ter-pe-dik´yu-lat)
Between vertebral pedicles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpeduncular interpeduncular (in-ter-pe-dunk´yu-lar)
Between any two peduncles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpersonal interpersonal (in-ter-per´son-al)
Pertaining to relations and social exchanges between persons.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interphalangeal interphalangeal (in´ter-fa-lan´je-al)
Between two phalanges; denoting the finger or toe joints.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interphase interphase (in´ter-faz)
The stage between two successive divisions of a cell nucleus in which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.karyostasis;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interphyletic interphyletic (in´ter-fI-let´ik)
Denoting the transitional forms between two kinds of cells during the course of metaplasia. [inter- + G. phyle, tribe]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interplant interplant
The material transferred from donor to host in interplanting.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interplanting interplanting
In experimental embryology, the transferring of a primordial cell mass from one embryo to an indifferent environment in another embryo, as in chorioallantoic grafts or intraocular transplants.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpretation interpretation (in-ter-pre-ta´shun)
1. In psychoanalysis, the characteristic therapeutic intervention of the analyst. 2. In clinical psychology, drawing inferences and formulating the meaning in terms of the psychological dynamics inherent in an individual's responses to psychological tests or during psychotherapy.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interproximal interproximal (in-ter-prok´si-mal)
Between adjoining surfaces.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpubic interpubic (in-ter-pyu´bik)
Between the two pubic bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interpupillary interpupillary (in-ter-pyu´pi-lar-e)
Between the pupils.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interradial interradial (in-ter-ra´de-al)
Situated between radii or rays.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interrenal interrenal (in-ter-re´nal)
Between the two kidneys.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interscapular interscapular (in-ter-skap´yu-lar)
Between the scapulae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interscapulum interscapulum (in-ter-skap´yu-lum)
The part of the back between the shoulders, or that between the scapulae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersciatic intersciatic (in-ter-sI-at´ik)
interischiadic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersectio intersectio, pl. intersectiones (in´ter-sek´she-o, -sek-she-o´nez) [NA]
intersection [L.]
i. tendin´ea [NA] tendinous intersection



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersection intersection (in´ter-sek-shun)
The site of crossing of two structures.intersectio [NA] ;
tendinous i. a tendinous band or partition running across a muscle.intersectio tendinea [NA], inscriptio tendinea, tendinous inscription;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersectiones intersectiones (in-ter-sek-she-o´nez)
Plural of intersectio.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersegmental intersegmental (in-ter-seg-men´tal)
Between two segments, such as metameres or myotomes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interseptal interseptal (in-ter-sep´tal)
Lying between two septa.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interseptovalvular interseptovalvular (in´ter-sep-to-val´vyu-lar)
Between the embryonic septum primum and septum spurium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interseptum interseptum (in-ter-sep´tum)
diaphragm (1) [L]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersexual intersexual (in-ter-seks´yu-al)
Relating to or characterized by intersexuality.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersexuality intersexuality (in´ter-seks-yu-al´i-te)
The condition of having both male and female characteristics; being intermediate between the sexes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interspace interspace (in´ter-spas)
Any space between two similar objects, such as a costal i. or interval between two ribs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interspinal interspinal (in-ter-spI´nal)
Between two spines, such as the spinous processes of the vertebrae.interspinous;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interspinalis interspinalis (in-ter-spI-na´lis)
See interspinales muscles, under muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interspinous interspinous (in-ter-spI´nus)
interspinal



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interstice interstice, pl. interstices (in-ter´stis, -sti-sez)
interstitium [L. interstitium, fr. sisto, to stand]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interstitial interstitial (in-ter-stish´al)
1. Relating to spaces or interstices in any structure. 2. Relating to spaces within a tissue or organ, but excluding such spaces as body cavities or potential space. Cf. intracavitary.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interstitium interstitium (in-ter-stish´e-um)
A small area, space, or gap in the substance of an organ or tissue. See also connective tissue.interstice; [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intersystole intersystole (in´ter-sis´to-le)
The period intervening between the systole of the atrium and that of the ventricle of the heart.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertarsal intertarsal (in-ter-tar´sal)
Denoting the articulations of the tarsal bones with each other.tarsotarsal;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interthalamic interthalamic (in-ter-thal´a-mik)
Between the thalami.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertransversalis intertransversalis (in-ter-trans-ver-sa´lis)
Intertransversarius. See muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertransverse intertransverse (in´ter-trans´vers)
Between the transverse processes of the vertebrae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertriginous intertriginous (in-ter-trij´i-nus)
Characterized by or related to intertrigo.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertrigo intertrigo (in-ter-trI´go)
Irritant dermatitis occurring between folds or juxtaposed surfaces of the skin, as between the buttocks, between the scrotum and the thigh, beneath pendulous breasts, etc.; caused by friction, sweat retention, moisture, warmth, and concomitant overgrowth of resident microorganisms; occurring in young children and obese adults. [L. a galling of the skin, fr. inter, between, + tero, to rub]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertrochanteric intertrochanteric (in´ter-tro-kan-tar´ik)
Between the two trochanters of the femur.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intertubular intertubular (in-ter-tu´byu-lar)
Between or among tubules.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interureteral interureteral (in´ter-yu-re´ter-al)
Between the two ureters.interureteric;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interureteric interureteric (in-ter-yu-re-tar´ik)
interureteral



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interval interval (in´ter-val)
A time or space between two periods or objects; a break in continuity. [L. inter-vallum, space between breastworks in a camp, an interval, fr. vallum, a rampart, wall]
A-H i. the time from the initial rapid deflection of the atrial wave to the initial rapid deflection of the His bundle (H) potential; it approximates the conduction time through the A-V node (normally 50-120 msec).
A-N i. the time between onset of the atrial deflection and the nodal potential (normally 40-100 msec).
atriocarotid i. , a-c i. obsolete term for the time between the beginning of the atrial and that of the carotid waves in a tracing of the jugular pulse.
atrioventricular i. auriculoventricular i
auriculoventricular i. the time between depolarization of the atria and of the ventricle.atrioventricular i;
A-V i. the time from the beginning of atrial systole to the beginning of ventricular systole as measured from pressure pulses or cardiac volume curves in animals, or from the electrocardiogram in humans.
BH i. the duration of the His bundle deflections (normally 15-20 msec).
cardioarterial i. , c-a i. the time between the apex beat of the heart and the radial pulse beat.
confidence i. a range of values for a variable of interest, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.
coupling i. the i., usually expressed in hundredths of a second, between a normal sinus beat and the ensuing premature beat.
escape i. the time between the last beat of the patient's basic rhythm (ectopic or sinus beat) and a beat from a spontaneous escape focus or the initial electronic pacemaker impulse (a preset i. in the circuitry); it may be either a shorter or a longer time period than the pulse i.
focal i. the distance between the anterior and posterior focal points of the eye.
H-V i. the time from the initial deflection of the His bundle (H) potential and the onset of ventricular activity (normally 35-45 msec).
interectopic i. the distance between consecutive ectopic complexes in the electrocardiogram.
isovolumic i. time during which both an A-V and a semilunar valve are closed.
lucid i. in psychoses or delirium, a rational period appearing in the course of the mental disorder.
P-A i. the time from onset of the P wave to the initial rapid deflection of the A wave in the His bundle electrogram (normally 25-45 msec); it represents the intra-atrial conduction time.
P-J i. the time elapsing from the beginning of the P wave to the end of the QRS complex (J for junction between QRS and S-T segment) in the electrocardiogram.
P-P i. the distance between consecutive P waves in the electrocardiogram.
P-Q i. P-R i
P-R i. in the electrocardiogram, the time elapsing between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the next QRS complex; it corresponds to the a-c i. of the venous pulse and is normally 0.12-0.20 sec.P-Q i;
Q-R i. the time elapsing from the onset of the QRS complex to the peak of the R wave; measures the time of onset of the intrinsicoid deflection if determined in an appropriate unipolar lead tracing.
Q-RB i. the time between the onset of the Q wave of the QRS complex and the right bundle-branch potential (normally 15-20 msec).
QRS i. the duration of the QRS complex in the electrocardiogram.
Q-S2 i. electromechanical systole
Q-T i. time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding to electrical systole.
R-R i. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram.
sphygmic i. the period in the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves are open and blood is being ejected from the ventricles into the arterial system.ejection period;
Sturm's i. the distance between the anterior and posterior focal lines in a spherocylindrical lens combination.
systolic time i.'s See electromechanical systole, left ventricular ejection time, preejection period.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intervascular intervascular (in-ter-vas´kyu-lar)
Between blood or lymph vessels.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intervention intervention (in-ter-ven´shun)
An action or ministration that produces an effect or that is intended to alter the course of a pathologic process. [L. inter-ventio, a coming between, fr inter-venio, to come between]
crisis i. a psychotherapeutic technique directed at counseling at the time of an acute life crisis and limited in aim to helping resolve the crisis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

interventricular interventricular (in-ter-ven-trik´yu-lar)
Between the ventricles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intervertebral intervertebral (in-ter-ver´te-bral)
Between two vertebrae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intervillous intervillous (in-ter-vil´us)
Between or among villi.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intestinal intestinal (in-tes´ti-nal)
Relating to the intestine.
i. pseudo-obstruction clinical manifestations falsely suggesting obstruction of the small intestine, usually occurring in patients with multiple jejunal diverticula.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intestine intestine (in-tes´tin)
intestinum (1) [L. intestinum]
large i. the portion of the digestive tube extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus; it comprises the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.intestinum crassum [NA] ;
small i. the portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum or beginning of the large intestine; it consists of three portions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.intestinum tenue [NA] ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intestinotoxin intestinotoxin (in-tes´ti-no-tok´sin)
enterotoxin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intestinum intestinum, pl. intestina (in-tes-tI´num, -na)
1. [NA] The digestive tube passing from the stomach to the anus. It is divided primarily into the i. tenue (small intestine) and the i. crassum (large intestine).bowel, intestine; 2. Inward; inner. [neuter of intestinus] gut (1) ; [L. intestinus, internal, ntr. as noun, the entrails, fr. intus, within]
i. ce´cum cecum (1)
i. cras´sum [NA] large intestine
i. il´eum twisted intestine. See ileum.
i. jeju´num empty intestine. See jejunum.
i. rec´tum straight intestine. See rectum.
i. ten´ue [NA] small intestine
i. ten´ue mesenteria´le the freely movable portion of the small intestine supplied with a mesentery, comprising the jejunum and ileum.mesenteric portion of small intestine;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intima intima (in´ti-ma)
Innermost. See tunica intima. [L. fem. of intimus, inmost]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intimal intimal (in´ti-mal)
Relating to the intima or inner coat of a vessel.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intimitis intimitis (in-ti-mI´tis)
Inflammation of an intima, as in endangiitis. [intima + G. -itis, inflammation]
proliferative i. eruption characterized by dusky erythema and small ulcers due to proliferative changes in capillary bed.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intoe intoe (in´to)
Medial deviation of the axis of the foot.metatarsus varus



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intolerance intolerance (in-tol´er-ans)
Abnormal metabolism, excretion, or other disposition of a given substance; term often used to indicate impaired utilization or disposal of dietary constituents.
hereditary fructose i. [MIM*229600] a metabolic error due to deficiency of hepatic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B (which also acts on fructose 1-phosphate); the second enzyme in the specific fructose pathway; vomiting and hypoglycemia follow ingestion of fructose; prolonged fructose ingestion in young children results in failure to thrive and in jaundice, hepatomegaly, albuminuria, aminoaciduria, and sometimes cachexia and death; autosomal recessive inheritance in most families.
lactose i. a disorder characterized by abdominal cramps and diarrhea after consumption of food containing lactose (e.g., milk, ice cream); believed to reflect a deficiency of intestinal lactase and may appear first in young adults who had tolerated milk well as infants.
lysinuric protein i. an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated levels of dibasic amino acids (e.g., l-lysine, l-arginine, and l-ornithine) in the urine; apparently due to a defect in dibasic amino acid transport.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intorsion intorsion (in-tor´shun)
Conjugate rotation of the upper poles of each cornea inward. [L. in-torqueo, pp. tortus, to twist]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intortor intortor (in-tor´tor)
A muscle that turns a part medialward. See also invertor.medial rotator;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intoxation intoxation (in-tok-sa´shun)
Poisoning, especially by the toxic products of bacteria or poisonous animals, other than alcohol. [see intoxication]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intoxicant intoxicant (in-tok´si-kant)
1. Having the power to intoxicate. 2. An intoxicating agent, such as alcohol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intoxication intoxication (in-tok-si-ka´shun)
1. poisoning 2. acute alcoholism [L. in, in, + G. toxikon, poison]
acid i. poisoning by acid products (beta-oxybutyric acid, diacetic acid, or acetone) formed as a result of faulty metabolism (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) or by acids introduced from without; marked by epigastric pain, headache, loss of appetite, constipation, restlessness, and an odor of acetone in the breath, followed by air hunger, coma, and collapse.
anaphylactic i. i. following an anaphylactic reaction.
citrate i. a toxic condition that may develop during massive replacement therapy with transfused blood that contains citrate as an anticoagulant; the citrate combines with calcium ions and may result in tetany.
intestinal i. autointoxication
septic i. septicemia
water i. a metabolic encephalopathy resulting from severe overhydration.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra- intra-
Inside, within; opposite of extra-. See also endo-, ento-. [L. within]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-abdominal intra-abdominal (in´tra-ab-dom´i-nal)
Within the abdomen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-acinous intra-acinous (in-tra-as´i-nus)
Within an acinus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-adenoidal intra-adenoidal (in´tra-ad-e-noy´dal)
Within the adenoids.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-arterial intra-arterial (in´tra-ar-ter´e-al)
Within an artery or the arteries.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-articular intra-articular (in´tra-ar-tik´yular)
Within the cavity of a joint. [intra- + L. articulus, joint]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-atrial intra-atrial (in´tra-a-tre-al)
Within one or both of the atria of the heart.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-aural intra-aural (in´tra-aw´ral)
Within the ear. [intra- + L. auris, ear]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra-auricular intra-auricular (in´tra-aw-rik´yu-lar)
1. Within an auricle (e.g., of the ear). 2. Obsolete term for intra-atrial.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrabronchial intrabronchial (in-tra-brong´ke-al)
Within the bronchi or bronchial tubes.endobronchial;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrabuccal intrabuccal (in´tra-buk´al)
1. Within the mouth. 2. Within the substance of the cheek. [intra- + L. bucca, cheek]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracanalicular intracanalicular (in´tra-kan-a-lik´yu-lar)
Within a canaliculus or canaliculi.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracapsular intracapsular (in´tra-kap´su-lar)
Within a capsule, especially the capsule of a joint.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracardiac intracardiac (in´tra-kar´de-ak)
Within one of the chambers of the heart.endocardiac (1), endocardial, intracordal; [intra- + G. kardia, heart]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracarpal intracarpal (in-tra-kar´pal)
Within the carpus; among the carpal bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracartilaginous intracartilaginous (in´tra-kar-ti-laj´i-nus)
Within a cartilage or cartilaginous tissue.enchondral, endochondral;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracatheter intracatheter (in´tra-kath´e-ter)
A plastic tube, usually attached to the puncturing needle, inserted into a blood vessel for infusion, injection, or pressure monitoring.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracavitary intracavitary (in´tra-cav´i-tar-e)
Within an organ or body cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracelial intracelial (in´tra-se´le-al)
Within any of the body cavities, especially within one of the ventricles of the brain. [intra- + G. koilia, cavity]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracellular intracellular (in-tra-sel´yu-lar)
Within a cell or cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracerebellar intracerebellar (in´tra-ser-e-bel´ar)
Within the cerebellum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracerebral intracerebral (in´tra-ser´e-bral)
Within the cerebrum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracerebroventricular intracerebroventricular
The locus of administration of drugs or chemicals into the ventricular system of the brain. Often used in animal studies and occasionally for the introduction of anti-infectives that do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier into the brain in humans.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracervical intracervical (in´tra-ser´vi-kal)
endocervical (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracisternal intracisternal (in´tra-sis-ter´nal)
Within one of the subarachnoid cisternae; usually refers to the introduction of a cannula into the cerebellomedullary cistern for aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid or the injection of air into the ventricles of the brain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracolic intracolic (in´tra-kol´ik)
Within the colon.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracordal intracordal (in´tra-kor´dal)
intracardiac [intra- + L. cor, heart]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracoronal intracoronal (in´tra-kor´o-nal)
Within the crown portion of a tooth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracorporeal intracorporeal (in´tra-kor-po´re-al)
1. Within the body. 2. Within any structure anatomically styled a corpus. [intra- + L. corpus, body]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracorpuscular intracorpuscular (in´tra-kor-pus´kyu-lar)
Within a corpuscle, especially a red blood corpuscle.intraglobular (2) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracostal intracostal (in´tra-kos´tal)
On the inner surface of the ribs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracranial intracranial (in´tra-kra´ne-al)
Within the skull.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intractable intractable (in´trak´ta-bl)
1. refractory (1) 2. obstinate (1) [L. in-tractabilis, fr. in- neg. + tracto, to draw, haul]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracutaneous intracutaneous (in´tra-ku-ta´ne-us)
Within the substance of the skin, particularly the dermis.intradermal, intradermic; [intra- + L. cutis, skin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intracystic intracystic (in´tra-sis´tik)
Within a cyst or the urinary bladder.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrad intrad (in´trad)
Toward the inner part.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intradermal intradermal , intradermic (in´tra-der´mal, -der´mik)
intracutaneous [intra- + G. derma, skin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraduct intraduct (in´tra-dukt)
Within the duct or ducts of a gland.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intradural intradural (in´tra-du´ral)
Within or enclosed by the dura mater.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraembryonic intraembryonic (in´tra-em-bre-on´ik)
Within the embryonic body, e.g., the portion of the umbilical vein within the embryo (in contrast to the portion in the umbilical cord which is discarded at birth). Cf. extraembryonic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraepidermal intraepidermal (in´tra-ep-i-der´mal)
Within the epidermis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraepiphysial intraepiphysial (in´tra-ep-i-fiz´e-al)
Within the epiphysis of a long bone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraepithelial intraepithelial (in´tra-ep-i-the´le-al)
Within or among the epithelial cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrafaradization intrafaradization (in´tra-fa-ra-di-za´shun)
Application of a faradic cauterizing current to the inner surface of a cavity or hollow organ.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrafascicular intrafascicular (in´tra-fa-sik´yu-lar)
Within the fasciculi of a tissue or structure (e.g., fasciculus intrafasciculus).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrafebrile intrafebrile (in´tra-fe´bril, -feb´ril)
Occurring during the febrile stage of a disease.intrapyretic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrafilar intrafilar (in´tra-fI´lar)
Lying within the meshes of a network. [intra- + L. filum, thread]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrafusal intrafusal (in´tra-fyu´sal)
Applied to structures within the muscle spindle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intragalvanization intragalvanization (in´tra-gal-van-i-za´shun)
Application of a galvanic cauterizing current to the interior of a cavity or hollow organ.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intragastric intragastric (in´tra-gas´trik)
Within the stomach.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intragemmal intragemmal (in´tra-jem´al)
Within any budlike or bulblike body; denoting especially a nerve termination within an end bulb or taste bud. [intra- + L. gemma, bud]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intragenal intragenal (in´tra-jen´al)
Within a gene.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraglandular intraglandular (in´tra-glan´du-lar)
Within a gland or glandular tissue.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraglobular intraglobular (in´tra-glob´yu-lar)
1. Within a globule in any sense. 2. intracorpuscular



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intragyral intragyral (in´tra-jI´ral)
Within a gyrus or convolution of the brain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrahepatic intrahepatic (in´tra-he-pat´ik)
Within the liver.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrahyoid intrahyoid (in´tra-hI´oyd)
Within the hyoid bone; denoting certain accessory thyroid glands that lie in the hollow or within the substance of the hyoid bone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intralaryngeal intralaryngeal (in´tra-la-rin´je-al)
Within the larynx.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraligamentous intraligamentous (in´tra-lig-a-men´tus)
Within a ligament, especially the broad ligament of the uterus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intralobar intralobar (in´tra-lo´bar)
Within a lobe of any organ or other structure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intralobular intralobular (in´tra-lob´yu-lar)
Within a lobule.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intralocular intralocular (in-tra-lok´yu-lar)
Within the loculi of any structure or part.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraluminal intraluminal (in-tra-lu´mi-nal)
intratubal



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramedullary intramedullary (in´tra-med´yu-lar-e)
1. Within the bone marrow. 2. Within the spinal cord. 3. Within the medulla oblongata.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramembranous intramembranous (in´tra-mem´bra-nus)
1. Within, or between the layers of, a membrane. 2. Denoting a method of bone formation directly from mesenchymal cells without an intervening cartilage stage (occurring, for example, in the calvaria), as distinguished from intracartilaginous bone formation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrameningeal intrameningeal (in´tra-me-nin´je-al)
Within or enclosed by the meninges of the brain or spinal cord.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramitochondrial intramitochondrial (in´tra-mI-to-kon´dre-al)
Within the mitochondria.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramolecular intramolecular (in´tra-mo-lek´yu-lar)
Referring to situations and events within a molecule.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramural intramural (in´tra-myu´ral)
Within the substance of the wall of any cavity or hollow organ.intraparietal (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramuscular (I.M., i.m.) intramuscular (I.M., i.m.) (in´tra-mus´kyu-lar)
Within the substance of a muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramyocardial intramyocardial (in´tra-mI´o-kar´de-al)
Within the myocardium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intramyometrial intramyometrial (in´tra-mI´o-me´tre-al)
Within the muscular coat of the uterus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intranasal intranasal (in´tra-na´sal)
Within the nasal cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intranatal intranatal (in´tra-na´tal)
During or at the time of birth. [intra- + L. natalis, relating to birth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraneural intraneural (in´tra-nu´ral)
Within a nerve. [intra- + G. neuron, nerve]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intranuclear intranuclear (in´tra-nu´kle-ar)
Within the nucleus of a cell.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraocular intraocular (in´tra-ok´yu-lar)
Within the eyeball.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraoral intraoral (in´tra-o´ral)
Within the mouth. [intra- + L. os, mouth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraorbital intraorbital (in´tra-or´bi-tal)
Within the orbit.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraosseous intraosseous (in´tra-os´e-us)
Within bone.intraosteal; [intra- + L. os, bone]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraosteal intraosteal (in´tra-os´te-al)
intraosseous



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraovarian intraovarian (in´tra-o-va´re-an)
Within the ovary.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraovular intraovular (in´tra-ov´yu-lar)
Within the ovum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraparietal intraparietal (in´tra-pa-rI´e-tal)
1. intramural 2. Denoting the intraparietal sulcus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapartum intrapartum (in´tra-par´tum)
During labor and delivery or childbirth. Cf. antepartum, postpartum. [intra- + L. partus, childbirth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapelvic intrapelvic (in´tra-pel´vik)
Within the pelvis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapericardiac intrapericardiac , intrapericardial (in´tra-per´e-kar´de-ak, -kar´de-al)
Within the pericardial cavity.endopericardiac;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraperitoneal (I.P., i.p.) intraperitoneal (I.P., i.p.) (in´tra-per´i-to-ne´al)
Within the peritoneal cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapersonal intrapersonal (in´tra-per´son-al)
intrapsychic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapial intrapial (in´tra-pI´al)
Within the pia mater.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapleural intrapleural (in´tra-plu´ral)
Within the pleura or the pleural cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapontine intrapontine (in´tra-pon´tIn)
Within the pons of the brainstem.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraprostatic intraprostatic (in´tra-pros-tat´ik)
Within the prostate gland.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraprotoplasmic intraprotoplasmic (in´tra-pro-to-plas´mik)
Within the protoplasm of a cell.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapsychic intrapsychic (in´tra-sI´kik)
Denoting the psychological dynamics that occur inside the mind without reference to the individual's exchanges with other persons or events.intrapersonal;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapulmonary intrapulmonary (in´tra-pul´mo-nar-e)
Within the lungs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrapyretic intrapyretic (in´tra-pI-ret´ik)
intrafebrile [intra- + L. pyretos, fever]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrarectal intrarectal (in´tra-rek´tal)
Within the rectum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrarenal intrarenal (in´tra-re´nal)
Within the kidney. [intra- + L. ren, kidney]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraretinal intraretinal (in´tra-ret´i-nal)
Within the retina.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrarrhachidian intrarrhachidian , intrarachidian (in´tra-ra-kid´e-an)
intraspinal [intra- + G. rachis, spine]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrascrotal intrascrotal (in´tra-skro´tal)
Within the scrotum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraspinal intraspinal (in´tra-spI´nal)
Within the vertebral canal or spinal cord.intrarrhachidian, intrarachidian;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrasplenic intrasplenic (in´tra-splen´ik)
Within the spleen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrastromal intrastromal (in´tra-stro´mal)
Within the stroma or foundation substance of any organ or part.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrasynovial intrasynovial (in´tra-si-no´ve-al)
Within the synovial sac of a joint or a synovial tendon sheath.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intratarsal intratarsal (in´tra-tar´sal)
Within the tarsus; among the tarsal bones.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrathecal intrathecal (in´tra-the´kal)
1. Within a sheath. 2. Within either the subarachnoid or the subdural space.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrathoracic intrathoracic (in´tra-tho-ras´ik)
Within the cavity of the chest.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intratonsillar intratonsillar (in´tra-ton-si-lar)
Within the substance of a tonsil.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intratubal intratubal (in´tra-tu´bal)
Within any tube.intraluminal;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intratubular intratubular (in´tra-tu´byu-lar)
Within any tubule.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intratympanic intratympanic (in´tra-tim-pan´ik)
Within the middle ear or tympanic cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrauterine intrauterine (in´tra-yu´ter-in)
Within the uterus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intravascular intravascular (in´tra-vas´kyu-lar)
Within the blood vessels or lymphatics.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intravenous (I.V., i.v.) intravenous (I.V., i.v.) (in´tra-ve´nus)
Within a vein or veins.endovenous;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intraventricular (I-V) intraventricular (I-V) (in´tra-ven-trik´yu-lar)
Within a ventricle of the brain or heart.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intravesical intravesical (in´tra-ves´i-kal)
Within a bladder, especially the urinary bladder.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intra vitam intra vitam (in´tra vI´tam)
During life. [L. vita, life]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intravitelline intravitelline (in´tra-vi-tel´in, -en)
Within the vitellus or yolk.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intravitreous intravitreous (in´tra-vit´re-us)
Within the vitreous body.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intrinsic intrinsic (in-trin´sik)
1. Belonging entirely to a part. 2. In anatomy, denoting those muscles whose origin and insertion are both within the structure under consideration, distinguished from the extrinsic muscles which have their origin outside of the structure under consideration; applied especially to the limbs but also to the ciliary muscle as distinguished from the recti and other orbital muscles which are outside the eyeball.essential (6) ; [L. intrinsecus, on the inside]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intro- intro-
Inwardly, into; opposite of extra-. Cf. intra-. [L. intro, into]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introducer introducer (in-tro-dus´er)
An instrument, such as a catheter, needle, or endotracheal tube, for introduction of a flexible device.intubator; [L. intro-duco, to lead into, introduce]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introflection introflection , introflexion (in´tro-flek´shun)
A bending inward. [intro- + L. flecto, pp. flectus, to bend]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introgastric introgastric (in-tro-gas´trik)
Leading or passed into the stomach. [intro- + G. gaster, belly, stomach]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introitus introitus (in-tro´i-tus)
The entrance into a canal or hollow organ, as the vagina. [L. entrance, fr. intro-eo, to go into]
i. cana´lis i. of facial canal
i. of facial canal entrance to facial canal, through which the facial nerve passes, at end of internal acoustic meatus.i. canalis;
vaginal i. vestibule of vagina



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introjection introjection (in-tro-jek´shun)
A psychological defense mechanism involving appropriation of an external happening and its assimilation by the personality, making it a part of the self. [intro- + L. jacto, to throw]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intromission intromission (in-tro-mish´un)
The insertion or introduction of one part into another. [intro- + L. mitto, to send]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intromittent intromittent (in-tro-mit´ent)
Conveying or sending into a body or cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intron intron (in´tron)
A portion of DNA that lies between two exons, is transcribed into RNA, but does not appear in that RNA after maturation, and so is not expressed (as protein) in protein synthesis.intervening sequence; [inter- + -on]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introspection introspection (in-tro-spek´shun)
Looking inward; self-scrutinizing; contemplating one's own mental processes. [intro- + L. specto, to look at, inspect]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introspective introspective (in-tro-spek´tiv)
Relating to introspection.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introsusception introsusception (in´tro-sus-sep´shun)
intussusception



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introversion introversion (in-tro-ver´zhun)
1. The turning of a structure into itself. See also intussusception, invagination. 2. A trait of preoccupation with oneself, as practiced by an introvert. Cf. extraversion. [intro- + L. verto, pp. versus, to turn]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

introvert introvert
1. (in´tro-vert) One who tends to be unusually shy, introspective, self-centered, and avoids becoming concerned with or involved in the affairs of others. Cf. extrovert. 2. (in-tro-vert´) To turn a structure into itself.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intubate intubate (in´tu-bat)
To perform intubation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intubation intubation (in-tu-ba´shun)
Insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ, or cavity; specifically, passage of an oro- or nasotracheal tube for anesthesia or for control of pulmonary ventilation. [L. in, in, + tuba, tube]
altercursive i. rarely used term for diversion of secretion intermittently to the exterior from its normal destination, e.g., of the bile from the intestine.
aqueductal i. insertion of a tube in the sylvian aqueduct to relieve atresia or narrowing of the aqueduct.
blind nasotracheal i. passage of a tracheal tube through the nose and into the trachea without using a laryngoscope.
endotracheal i. passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea for maintenance of the airway during anesthesia or for maintenance of an imperiled airway.intratracheal i;
intratracheal i. endotracheal i
nasotracheal i. tracheal i. through the nose.
orotracheal i. tracheal i. through the mouth.
tracheal i. passage of a tube through the nose, mouth, or a tracheotomy into the trachea for maintenance of patency of the airway.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intubator intubator (in´tu-ba-tor)
introducer



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intumesce intumesce (in-tu-mes´)
To swell up; to enlarge. [L. in-tumesco, to swell up, fr. tumeo, to swell]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intumescence intumescence (in-tu-mes´ens)
1. enlargement 2. The process of enlarging or swelling; used to describe the spinal enlargements.
tympanic i. tympanic enlargement



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intumescent intumescent (in-tu-mes´ent)
Enlarging; becoming enlarged or swollen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intumescentia intumescentia (in-tu-mes-sen´she-a) [NA]
enlargement [Mod. L.]
i. cervica´lis [NA] cervical enlargement
i. gangliofor´mis geniculate ganglion
i. lumba´lis [NA] lumbar enlargement
i. tympan´ica tympanic enlargement



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intussusception intussusception (in´tus-su-sep´shun)
1. The taking up or receiving of one part within another, especially the enfolding of one segment of the intestine within another. See also introversion, invagination. 2. Often, specifically, the process of incorporation of new material in the growth of the cell wall.introsusception; [L. intus, within, + sus-cipio, to take up, fr. sub + capio, to take]
colic i. the ensheathing of one portion of the colon into another.
double i. a second i. that involves the bowel above the first; the first i. is followed by contraction of the bowel wall around it, and the solid mass so formed is enveloped by the proximal portion of the bowel and is thus the cause of the second i.
ileal i. i. in which one portion of the ileum is ensheathed in another portion of the same division of the bowel.
ileocecal i. i. in which the lower segment of the ileum passes through the valve of the colon into the cecum.
ileocolic i. i. in which the lower portion of the ileum with the valve of the cecum passes into the ascending colon.
jejunogastric i. a rare complication following gastrojejunostomy in which the afferent or the efferent loop of bowel invaginates into the stomach.
retrograde i. the invagination of a lower segment of the bowel into one just above.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intussusceptive intussusceptive (in´tus-su-sep´tiv)
Relating to or characterized by intussusception.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intussusceptum intussusceptum (in´tus-su-sep´tum)
The inner segment in an intussusception; that part of the bowel which is received within the other part.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

intussuscipiens intussuscipiens (in´tus-su-sip´e-enz)
The portion of the bowel, in intussusception, which receives the other portion. [L. intus, within, + suscipiens, pr. p. of suscipio, to take up]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inulase inulase (in´yu-las)
inulinase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inulin (In) inulin (In) (in´yu-lin)
A fructose polysaccharide from the rhizome of Inula helenium or elecampane (family Compositae) and other plants; a hygroscopic powder used by intravenous injection to determine the rate of glomerular filtration. Also used in bread for diabetics. Cf. inulin clearance. alant starch, alantin, dahlin;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inulinase inulinase (in´yu-lin-as)
An enzyme acting upon 2,1-beta-d-fructoside links in inulin, releasing d-fructose.inulase;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inulol inulol (in´yu-lol)
alantol



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inunction inunction (in-ungk´shun)
Administration of a drug in ointment form by rubbing to cause absorption of the active ingredient. [L. inunctio, an anointing, fr. inunguo, pp. -unctus, to smear on]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invaccination invaccination (in-vak-si-na´shun)
Accidental inoculation of some disease, e.g., syphilis, during vaccination.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invaginate invaginate (in-vaj´i-nat)
To ensheathe, infold, or insert a structure within itself or another. [L. in, in, + vagina, a sheath]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invagination invagination (in-vaj´i-na´shun)
1. The ensheathing, enfolding, or insertion of a structure within itself or another. 2. The state of being invaginated. See also introversion, intussusception.
basilar i. platybasia



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invaginator invaginator (in-vag´i-na-ter, -tor)
An instrument for pushing inward any tissue.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invalid invalid (in´va-lid)
1. Weak; sick. 2. A person partially or completely disabled. [L. in- neg. + validus, strong]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invalidism invalidism (in´va-lid-izm)
The condition of being an invalid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invasin invasin (in-va´sin)
hyaluronidase (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invasion invasion (in-va´zhun)
1. The beginning or incursion of a disease. 2. Local spread of a malignant neoplasm by infiltration or destruction of adjacent tissue; for epithelial neoplasms, i. signifies infiltration beneath the epithelial basement membrane. 3. Entrance of foreign cells into a tissue, such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation. [L. invasio, fr. in-vado, pp. -vasus, to go into, attack]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invasive invasive (in-va´siv)
1. Denoting or characterized by invasion. 2. Denoting a procedure requiring insertion of an instrument or device into the body through the skin or a body orifice for diagnosis or treatment.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inventory inventory (in´ven-tor-e)
A detailed, often descriptive, list of items.
Millon clinical multiaxial i. (MCMI) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality i. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory test
personality i. a psychological test for evaluation of habitual modes of behavior, thinking, and feeling based on the comparable characteristics of individuals in one's peer group.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invermination invermination (in-ver-mi-na´shun)
helminthiasis [L. in, in, + vermis (vermin-), worm]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inversion inversion (in-ver´zhun)
1. A turning inward, upside down, or in any direction contrary to the existing one. 2. Conversion of a disaccharide or polysaccharide by hydrolysis into a monosaccharide; specifically, the hydrolysis of sucrose to d-glucose and d-fructose; so called because of the change in optical rotation. 3. Alteration of a DNA molecule made by removing a fragment, reversing its orientation, and putting it back into place. 4. Heat-induced transition of silica, in which the quartz tridymite or cristobalite changes its physical properties as to thermal expansion. [L. inverto, pp. -versus, to turn upside down, to turn about]
i. of chromosomes a chromosome aberration resulting from a double break in a segment of the chromosome, with end for end rotation of the fragment between the fracture lines, and refusion of the fragments; this results in reversal of the order of genes in that segment.
paracentric i. i. in a chromosome of a single segment in which the centromere is not included.
pericentric i. i. in a chromosome of a single segment that includes the centromere.
i. of the uterus a turning of the uterus inside out, usually following childbirth.
visceral i. situs inversus viscerum



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invert invert (in´vert)
1. In chemistry, subjected to inversion, e.g., invert sugar. 2. Rarely used term for a homosexual. [see inversion]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invertase invertase (in´ver-tas)
beta-fructofuranosidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Invertebrata Invertebrata (in-ver-te-bra´ta)
A general category of the kingdom Animalia (multicellular animals) including those phyla whose members lack a notochord; i.e., all animals except vertebrates in the phylum Chordata.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invertebrate invertebrate (in-ver´te-brat)
1. Not possessed of a spinal or vertebral column. 2. Any animal that has no spinal column.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inverted repeat inverted repeat
A sequence of nucleotides that is repeated nearly without change except in the opposite direction, usually at some point distant from the original sequence; often associated with gene insertion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invertin invertin (in´ver-tin)
beta-fructofuranosidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

invertor invertor (in-ver´ter, -tor)
A muscle that inverts or causes inversion or turns a part, such as the foot, inward. [see inversion]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

investing investing
1. In dentistry, covering or enveloping wholly or in part an object such as a denture, tooth, wax form, crown, etc., with a refractory investment material before curing, soldering, or casting. 2. In psychoanalysis, allocating to or charging an object with psychic energy or cathexis.
vacuum i. the i. of a pattern within a vacuum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

investment investment
1. In dentistry, any material used in investing. 2. In psychoanalysis, the psychic charge or cathexis invested in an object.
refractory i. an i. material which can withstand the high temperatures used in soldering or casting.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inveterate inveterate (in-vet´er-at)
Long seated; firmly established; said of a disease or of confirmed habits. [L. in-vetero, pp. -atus, to render old, fr. vetus, old]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

inviscation inviscation (in-vis-ka´shun)
1. Smearing with mucilaginous matter. 2. The mixing of the food, during mastication, with the buccal secretions. [L. in, in, on, + viscum, birdlime]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

in vitro in vitro (in ve´tro)
In an artificial environment, referring to a process or reaction occurring therein, as in a test tube or culture media. Cf. in vivo. [L. in glass]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involucre involucre (in´vo-lu-ker)
involucrum



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involucrin involucrin (in-vo-lu´krin)
A non-keratin soluble precursor of the highly cross-linked protein known as the corneocyte envelope. [fr. L. involucrum, a wrapper]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involucrum involucrum, pl. involucra (in-vo-lu´krum, -lu´kra)
1. An enveloping membrane, e.g., a sheath or sac. 2. The sheath of new bone that forms around a sequestrum.involucre; [L. a wrapper, fr. in-volvo, to roll up]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involuntary involuntary (in-vol´un-tar-e)
1. Independent of the will; not volitional. 2. Contrary to the will. [L. in- neg. + voluntarius, willing, fr. volo, to wish]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involution involution (in-vo-lu´shun)
1. Return of an enlarged organ to normal size. 2. Turning inward of the edges of a part. 3. In psychiatry, mental decline associated with advanced age.catagenesis; [L. in-volvo, pp. -volutus, to roll up]
senile i. the retrogression of vital organs and psychological processes incident to aging.
i. of the uterus the process of reduction of the uterus to its normal nonpregnant size and state following childbirth.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

involutional involutional (in-vo-lu´shun-al)
Relating to involution.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iobenzamic acid iobenzamic acid (I-o-ben-zam´ik)
N-(3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyl)-N-phenyl-beta-alanine;a radiographic contrast medium for oral cholecystography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iocetamic acid iocetamic acid (I´o-se-tam´ik)
N-Acetyl-N-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-2-methyl-beta-alanine;a radiographic contrast medium for oral cholecystography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodamide iodamide (I-o´da-mId)
a,5-Diacetamide-2,4,6-triiodo-m-toluic acid;a radiographic contrast medium formerly used for oral cholecystography.ametriodinic acid;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Iodamoeba Iodamoeba (I-od-a-me´ba)
A genus of parasitic amebae in the superclass Rhizopoda, order Amoebida.
I. bütsch´lii a parasitic ameba in the large intestine of man; trophozoites are usually 9 to 14 mum in diameter; the cysts are usually 8 to 10 mum in diameter, uninucleate and somewhat irregular in shape, with a thick wall and a large compact mass of glycogen that stains deeply with a solution of iodine; clinically recognizable amebiasis caused by this organism is rare, with symptoms resembling those of chronic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica; it is also found in other primates and is the commonest ameba of pigs.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodate iodate (I´o-dat)
A salt of iodic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodic iodic (I-od´ik)
1. Relating to, or caused by, iodine or an iodide. 2. Denoting a compound of iodine in its pentavalent state.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodic acid iodic acid
HIO3;crystalline powder, soluble in water; used as an astringent, caustic, disinfectant, deodorant, and intestinal antiseptic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodide iodide (I´o-dId)
The negative ion of iodine, I-.
i. peroxidase an oxidoreductase catalyzing reactions between iodine and water to yield iodide and H2O2; also catalyzes iodination and deiodination of tyrosine compounds; a deficiency of this enzyme leads to a loss of the iodotyrosine derivatives and iodine from the thyroid and results in goiter.iodinase, iodotyrosine deiodase;
sodium i. iodine-131 prepared from radioactive iodine (131I); practically carrier-free, with a half-life of 8.0 days; used as a diagnostic agent in suspected thyroid disease and in the treatment of selected thyroid diseases.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodimetry iodimetry (I-o-dim´e-tre)
iodometry [iodine + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodinase iodinase (I´o-din-as)
iodide peroxidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodinate iodinate (I´o-di-nat)
To treat or combine with iodine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine (I) iodine (I) (I´o-dIn, -den)
A nonmetallic chemical element, atomic no. 53, atomic wt. 126.90447; used in the manufacture of i. compounds and as a catalyst, reagent, tracer, constituent of radiographic contrast media, topical antiseptic, therapy in thyroid disease, antidote for alkaloidal poisons, and in certain stains and solutions. [G. iodes, violet-like, fr. ion, a violet, + eidos, form]
butanol-extractable i. (BEI) i. that can be separated from plasma proteins by butanol or other extractable solvents; used to measure thyroid function.
Gram's i. a solution containing i. and potassium iodide, used in Gram's stain.
povidone i. a water soluble complex of i. with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Applied as an antiseptic in the form of solutions or ointments, it releases i. Used in cleansing and disinfecting the skin, preparing the skin preoperatively, and treating infections susceptible to i.polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex, povidone-iodine;
protein-bound i. (PBI) thyroid hormone in its circulating form, consisting of one or more of the iodothyronines bound to one or more of the serum proteins.
radioactive i. the i. radioisotopes 131I, 125I, or 123I used as tracers in biology and medicine.
tamed i. iodophor
i. tincture a hydroalcoholic solution containing 2% elemental i. and 2.4% potassium iodide to facilitate dissolution and 47% alcohol; used as an antiseptic/germicide on the skin surface for cuts and scratches. Has been used as a skin disinfectant before surgery but is now largely replaced by organic forms of i.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-123 (123I) iodine-123 (123I)
A radioisotope of iodine with a 159 keV gamma emission and a physical half-life of 13.2 hr, frequently used for studies of thyroid disease and of renal function.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-125 (125I) iodine-125 (125I)
Radioactive iodine isotope that decays by K-capture (internal conversion) with a half-life of 59.4 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies and as a label in immunoassay and in imaging.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-127 (127I, 127I) iodine-127 (127I, 127I)
Stable, nonradioactive iodine, the most abundant iodide isotope found in nature; dietary deficiency causes simple goiter; used to block thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine released from nuclear accidents.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-131 (131I) iodine-131 (131I)
A radioactive iodine isotope; beta and gamma emitter with a half-life of 8 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies, as therapy in hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and heart disease, and as a label in immunoassay and imaging.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-132 (132I) iodine-132 (132I)
A beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope of iodine with a physical half-life of 2.28 hr, usually obtained from a tellurium-132 radionuclide generator; its clinical use has been supplanted by 131I and 123I.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodine-fast iodine-fast
Denoting hyperthyroidism unresponsive to iodine therapy, which develops frequently in most cases so treated.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodinophil iodinophil , iodinophile (I-o-din´o-fil, -fIl)
1. Staining readily with iodine.iodinophilous; 2. Any histologic element that stains readily with iodine. [iodine + G. philos, fond]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodinophilous iodinophilous (I-o-din-of´i-lus)
iodinophil (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodipamide iodipamide (I-o-dip´a-mId)
N,N´-Adipylbis(3-amino-2,4,6- triiodobenzoic acid);an ionic, dimeric, water-soluble radiographic contrast medium for intravenous cholangiography; used as the sodium or methylglucamine salt.Adipiodone;
methylglucamine i. bis-N-methylglucamine salt of iodipamide;a water-soluble organic iodine compound used for intravenous cholangiography and cholecystography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodism iodism (I´o-dizm)
Poisoning by iodine, a condition marked by severe coryza, an acneform eruption, weakness, salivation, and foul breath; caused by the continuous administration of iodine or one of the iodides.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodixanol iodixanol (I-o-diks´a-nol)
5,5´-[(2-Hydroxy-1,3-propane)bis(acetylamino)]bis[N,N´-bis(2,3- dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6- triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide];a dimeric, nonionic, low osmolar, water-soluble radiographic contrast medium for intravascular use.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodize iodize (I´o-dIz)
To treat or impregnate with iodine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodized oil iodized oil (I´o-dIzd)
An iodine addition product of vegetable oils, containing not less than 38% and not more than 42% of organically combined iodine; a radiopaque medium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoacetamide iodoacetamide (I-o´do-a-se´ta-mId)
ICH2-CONH2;a chemical reacting readily with sulfhydryl groups and therefore a strong inhibitor of many enzymes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoalphionic acid iodoalphionic acid (I-o´do-al-fe-on´ik)
beta-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-a-phenylpropionic acid;a formerly used radiographic contrast medium for cholecystography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodocasein iodocasein (I-o-do-ka´sen)
A compound of iodine with casein, in which the iodine is attached to tyrosine molecules; possesses thyroxine activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodochlorhydroxyquin iodochlorhydroxyquin , iodochlorohydroxyquinoline (I´o-do-klor´hI-drok´si-kwin, -klor´o-hI-drok´si-kwin´o-len)
5-Chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolinol; 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline;used topically as a local anti-infective and in a wide range of dermatoses, intravaginally in Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis, and internally for the treatment of mild or asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis.chloriodoquin, clioquinol;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodochlorol iodochlorol (I´o-do-klor´ol)
chloriodized oil



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iododerma iododerma (I-o´do-der´ma)
An eruption of follicular papules and pustules, or a granulomatous lesion, caused by iodine toxicity or sensitivity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoform iodoform (I-o´do-form)
CHI3;a topical antiseptic.triiodomethane;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoglobulin iodoglobulin (I-o´do-glob´yu-lin)
thyroglobulin (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodogorgoic acid iodogorgoic acid (I-o´do-gor-go´ik)
3,5-Diiodotyrosine;a precursor of thyroxine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodohippurate sodium iodohippurate sodium (I-o´do-hip´pu-rat)
Sodium o-iodohippurate;a radiopaque compound formerly used intravenously, orally, or for retrograde urography. When tagged with iodine-131, it was used to measure effective renal plasma flow and to image the kidneys for radioisotopic renography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodomethamate sodium iodomethamate sodium (I-o´do-meth´a-mat)
N-Methyl-3,5-diiodo-4-pyridone-2,6-dicarboxylate;a high osmolar, ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast medium formerly used widely as the disodium salt for intravenous urography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodometric iodometric (I-o´do-met´rik)
Relating to iodometry.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodometry iodometry (I-o-dom´e-tre)
Analytical techniques involving titrations in which iodine is either formed or consumed, the sudden appearance or disappearance of iodine marking the end point.iodimetry; [iodine + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodopanoic acid iodopanoic acid (I-o´do-pa-no´ik)
iopanoic acid



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodophendylate iodophendylate (I-o´do-fen´dil-at)
iophendylate



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodophilia iodophilia (I-o´do-fil´e-a)
An affinity for iodine, as manifested by some leukocytes in certain conditions. When treated with a solution of iodine and potassium iodide, normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes stain a fairly bright yellow; in certain pathologic conditions, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes frequently stain diffusely brown or yellow-brown; the reaction may be intracellular (as described) or extracellular, affecting the particles in the immediate vicinity of the leukocytes. [iodine + G. phileo, to love]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodophor iodophor (I-o´do-for)
A combination of iodine with a surfactant carrier, usually polyvinylpyrrolidone. Commercial preparations generally contain 1% "available" iodine, which is slowly released to take effect against microorganisms; used as skin disinfectants, particularly for surgical scrubs.tamed iodine; [iodine + G. phora, a carrying]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodophthalein iodophthalein (I-o´do-thal´en, -dof-thal´e-in)
A radiographic contrast medium. The disodium salt was once used in radiography of the gallbladder.tetraiodophenolphthalein sodium;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

3-iodo-1,2-propanediol 3-iodo-1,2-propanediol
glyceryl iodide



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

gamma-iodopropyleneglycol gamma-iodopropyleneglycol
glyceryl iodide



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodopropylidene glycerol iodopropylidene glycerol
iodinated glycerol



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoproteins iodoproteins (I-o´do-pro´tenz)
Proteins containing iodine bound to tyrosine groups.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodopsin iodopsin (I-o-dop´sin)
A visual pigment, composed of 11-cis-retinal bound to an opsin, found in the cones of the retina.visual violet; [G. ion, violet, + ops, eye, + -in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodopyracet iodopyracet (I-o´do-pI´ra-set)
3,5-Diiodo-4-pyridone-N-acetate;a radiographic contrast medium used for intravenous urography; also used to determine the renal plasma flow and the renal tubular excretory mass.diodone;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoquinol iodoquinol (I-o´do-kwin´ol)
Drug used as an amebicide prepared by the action of iodine monochloride on 8-hydroxyquinoline.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodotherapy iodotherapy (I´o-do-thar´a-pe)
Treatment with iodine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodothyronines iodothyronines (I-o´do-thI´ro-nenz)
Iodinated derivatives of thyronine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodotyrosine iodotyrosine (I-o´do-tI´ro-sen)
An iodinated tyrosine.
i. deiodase iodide peroxidase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iodoxamate meglumine iodoxamate meglumine (I-o-doks´a-mat)
3,3´-[Ethylenebis(oxyethylene-oxyethylenecar bonylimino)]bis-[2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid] compound with 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-d-glucitol (1:2);the methylglucamine salt of an ionic, water-soluble, dimeric, radiographic contrast medium; formerly used primarily for intravenous cholangiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioduria ioduria (I-o-du´re-a)
Urinary excretion of iodine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioglycamic acid ioglycamic acid (I´o-glI-kam´ik)
An ionic, water-soluble, dimeric, radiographic contrast medium, formerly used for intravenous cholangiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iohexol iohexol (I´o-heks´ol)
C19H26I3N3O9; N,N´-Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[(N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide;a monomeric, nonionic, water-soluble, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium for urography or angiography. Used intrathecally and intravascularly.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iometer iometer (I-om´e-ter)
An apparatus for measuring ionization. [ion + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ion ion (I´on)
An atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. I.'s charged with negative electricity (anions) travel toward a positive pole (anode); those charged with positive electricity (cations) travel toward a negative pole (cathode). I.'s may exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous environments, although those in liquid (electrolytes) are more common and familiar. [G. ion, going]
aquo-i. See aquo-ion.
dipolar i.'s i.'s possessing both a negative charge and a positive charge, each localized at a different point in the molecule, which thus has both positive and negative "poles"; amino acids are the most notable dipolar i.'s, containing a positively charged NH3+ group and a negatively charged COO- group at neutral pH.amphions, zwitterions;
gram-i. See gram-ion.
hydride i. the H- i., transferred to acceptor molecules in some biological oxidations.
hydrogen i. (H+) a hydrogen atom minus its electron and therefore carrying a unit positive charge (i.e., a proton); in water, it combines with a water molecule to form hydronium i., H3O+.
hydronium i. the hydrated proton, H3O+, a form in which hydrogen i. exists in aqueous solutions; also, H3O+. H2O, H3O+. 2H2O, etc.oxonium i;
oxonium i. hydronium i
sulfonium i. a compound in which a sulfur atom has three single covalent bonds and therefore has a positive charge analogous to the nitrogen of an ammonium compound; e.g., S-adenosyl-l-methionine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ionescu Ionescu
See Jonnesco.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ion exchange ion exchange (I´on eks-chanj´)
See anion exchange, cation exchange, ion exchange chromatography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ion exchanger ion exchanger (I´on eks-chanj´er)
See anion exchanger, cation exchanger.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionic ionic (I-on´ik)
Relating to an ion.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionium ionium (I-o´ne-um)
Former term for thorium-230. [G. ion, going]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionization ionization (I´on-i-za´shun)
1. Dissociation into ions, occurring when an electrolyte is dissolved in water or certain liquids or when molecules are subjected to electrical discharge or ionizing radiation. 2. Production of ions as a result of interaction of radiation with matter. 3. iontophoresis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionize ionize (I´on-Iz)
To separate into ions; to dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged atoms or radicals.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionogram ionogram (I´on-o-gram)
electropherogram



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionone ionone (I´o-non)
A cyclic ketone with an odor of violets or cedar wood, the a and beta varieties of which differ in the location of the double bond in the ring: provitamins A and vitamin A have i. configuration in the ring portion; a-carotene contains one a- and one beta-ionone moieties, beta-carotene contains two beta-ionone moieties, and gamma-carotene contains one beta-ionone moiety.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionopherogram ionopherogram (I´on-o-fer´o-gram)
electropherogram



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionophore ionophore (I-on´o-for)
A compound or substance that forms a complex with an ion and transports it across a membrane. [ion + G. phore, a bearer]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionophoresis ionophoresis (I-on´o-for-e´sis)
electrophoresis [ion + G. phoresis, a carrying]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ionophoretic ionophoretic (I-on´o-for-et´ik)
electrophoretic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iontophoresis iontophoresis (I-on´to-for-e´sis)
The introduction into the tissues, by means of an electric current, of the ions of a chosen medicament.ionic medication, ionization (3), iontotherapy; [ion + G. phoresis, a carrying]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iontophoretic iontophoretic (I-on´to-for-et´ik)
Relating to iontophoresis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iontotherapy iontotherapy (I-on´to-thar´a-pe)
iontophoresis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iopamidol iopamidol (I´o-pam´i-dol)
(S)-5-Lactamido-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N´-bis(1,3)dihydroxypropyl)isophthalamide;a monomeric, nonionic, water-soluble, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium for urography or angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iopanoic acid iopanoic acid (I´o-pa-no´ik)
3-(3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-2-ethylpropionic acid;a water-insoluble radiographic contrast medium, once used widely for oral cholecystography.iodopanoic acid;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iopentol iopentol (I´o-pen´tol)
N,N´-Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl) acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide;a nonionic, monomeric, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium for intravenous urography or angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iophendylate iophendylate (I-o-fen´dil-at)
Ethyl 10-(p-iodophenyl)undecylate;a mixture of isomers of ethyl iodophenylundecylate, an iodized fatty acid of low viscosity; used for radiography of the spinal canal.iodophendylate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iophenoic acid iophenoic acid (I´o-fen-o-ik)
iophenoxic acid



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iophenoxic acid iophenoxic acid (I´o-fen-oks´ik)
a-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodohydrocinnamic acid;a radiographic contrast medium; formerly used for oral cholecystography.iophenoic acid;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iophobia iophobia (I-o-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of poisons. [G. ios, poison, + phobos, fear]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iopromide iopromide (I-o´pro-mid)
A monomeric, nonionic, water-soluble, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium for intravenous urography or angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iota (iota) iota (iota) (I-ot´a)
The ninth letter in the Greek alphabet. 2. In chemistry, denotes the ninth in a series, or the ninth atom from a carboxyl group or other functional group. 3. A tiny or minute amount.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iotacism iotacism (I-o´ta-sizm)
A speech defect marked by the frequent substitution of a long e sound (that of the Greek iota) for other vowels. [G. iota, the letter iota]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iothalamic acid iothalamic acid (I´o-tha-lam´ik)
5-Acetamido-2,4,6-triiodo-N-methylisophthalamic acid;an ionic, monomeric, water-soluble radiographic contrast medium, widely used as the sodium or methylglucamine salt (iothalamate) for intravenous urography and angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iothiouracil sodium iothiouracil sodium (I´o-thI-o-yur´a-sil)
The sodium salt of 5-iodo-2-thiouracil; an organic iodine derivative of thiouracil with the thyroid-involuting action of iodine and the capability of inhibiting thyroxine production.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iotrol iotrol (I´o-trol)
iotrolan



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iotrolan iotrolan (I-o´tro-lan)
5,5´-[Malonylbis(methylimino)]bis[N, N´-bis[2,3-dihydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide];a dimeric, nonionic, water-soluble, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium, used for myelography and other nonvascular applications.iotrol;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioversol ioversol (I-o-ver´sol)
N,N´-Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-[2-hydroxyethyl)glycolamido]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide;a water-soluble, nonionic, low osmolar, radiographic contrast medium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioxaglate ioxaglate (I-oks-ag´lat)
A diagnostic radiopaque medium, usually a combination of i. meglumine (C24H21I6N5O8. C7H17NO5), and i. sodium (C24H20I6N5NaO8); used in angiography, aortography, arteriography, venography, and urography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioxilan ioxilan (I-oks´I-lan)
A monomeric, nonionic, water-soluble, low osmolar radiographic contrast medium for urography or angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ioxithalamate ioxithalamate (I-oks-I-thal´a-mat)
5-Acetamido-2,4,6-triiodo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)isophthalamic acid;an ionic, monomeric, water-soluble radiographic contrast medium for urography and angiography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I.P. I.P. , i.p.
Abbreviation for intraperitoneal or intraperitoneally; isoelectric point.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IP3 IP3
Abbreviation for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipecac ipecac (ip´e-kak)
ipecacuanha
powdered i. a form of i. used in the preparation of ipecac syrup.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipecacuanha ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-yu-an´a)
The dried root of Uragoga (Cephaelis) ipecacuanha (family Rubiaceae), a shrub of Brazil and other parts of South America; contains emetine, cephaeline, emetamine, ipecacuanhic acid, psychotrine, and methylpsychotrine; has expectorant, emetic, and antidysenteric properties.ipecac; [native Brazilian word]
de-emetinized i. i. from which the emetic principle has been extracted; has been used as an antidysenteric agent.
prepared i. a fine powder to contain 2% of the total alkaloids of i., calculated as emetine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPF IPF
Abbreviation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipodate ipodate
3-[(Dimethylaminomethylene)amino]-2,4,6- triiodohydrocinnamic acid;a radiographic contrast medium, given orally as the sodium or, more often, the calcium salt, for opacification of the gallbladder and central biliary tree.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipodate sodium ipodate sodium (I´po-dat)
Sodium 3-[(dimethylaminomethylene)amino]-2,4,6- triiodohydrocinnamate;a radiopaque medium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipomea ipomea (I-po-me´a)
The dried root of Ipomoea orizabensis (family Convolvulaceae). See also ipomea resin.orizaba jalap root; [G. ips (ip-), a worm, + homoios, like]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ipomoea Ipomoea (I-po-me´a)
A plant genus of the family Convolvulaceae. [L. ipomea]
I. rubrocoeru´lea var. prae´cox the seeds contain lysergic acid amide, isolysergic acid amide, chanoclavine, elymoclavine, and other ergot (indole) alkaloids; ingestion of the seeds produces hallucinatory and euphoric effects.morning glory (1) ;
I. versico´lor a species whose seeds contain hallucinogenic ergot (indole) alkaloids.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPPB IPPB
Abbreviation for intermittent positive pressure breathing.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPPV IPPV
Abbreviation for intermittent positive pressure ventilation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipratropium ipratropium (i-pra-tro´pe-um)
(8r)-3a-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1a H,5aH-tropanium bromide (±)-tropate monohydrate;a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound, chemically related to atropine, that has anticholinergic activity and is used as an inhalant in the treatment of bronchospasm.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iprindole iprindole (I-prin´dol)
An antidepressant containing a three-ring structure of which the center ring consists of an indole nucleus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iproniazid iproniazid (I-pro-nI´a-zid)
1-Isonicotinoyl-2-isopropylhydrazine;an antituberculous and antidepressant agent similar to isoniazid, but more toxic and rarely used; it inhibits monoamine oxidase. The first antidepressant agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipronidazole ipronidazole (I-pro-nI´da-zol)
2-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;an antiprotozoal agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iproveratril iproveratril (I-pro-ver´a-tril)
verapamil



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iPrSGal iPrSGal
Abbreviation for isopropylthiogalactoside.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ips Ips
Abbreviation for pipsyl.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipsefact ipsefact (ip´se-fakt)
All parts or aspects of the environment that an individual, colony, population, or species of animal has modified chemically or physically by its own behavior (e.g., a nest or home, rodent or deer runs, excrement, pheromones). [L. ipse, self, + factum, a thing done]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ipsilateral ipsilateral (ip-si-lat´er-al)
On the same side, with reference to a given point, e.g., a dilated pupil on the same side as an extradural hematoma with contralateral limbs being paretic.homolateral; [L. ipse, same, + latus (later-), side]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPSP IPSP
Abbreviation for inhibitory postsynaptic potential.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPTG IPTG
Abbreviation for isopropylthiogalactoside.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IPV IPV
Abbreviation for inactivated poliovirus vaccine. See poliovirus vaccines, under vaccine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IQ IQ
Abbreviation for intelligence quotient.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IR IR
Abbreviation for infrared.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ir Ir
Symbol for iridium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IRI IRI
Abbreviation for immunoreactive insulin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irid- irid-
See irido-.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridal iridal (I´ri-dal, ir´i-dal)
Relating to the iris.iridial, iridian, iridic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridectomy iridectomy (ir´i-dek´to-me)
1. Excision of a portion of the iris. 2. The hole in the iris produced by a surgical iridectomy. [irido- + G. ektome, excision]
buttonhole i. peripheral i
optical i. i. performed for the purpose of improving vision by making an artificial pupil.
peripheral i. in narrow-angle glaucoma, the surgical removal of a minute portion of the iris at its root; in intracapsular extraction of cataract, removal of one or more minute sections near the peripheral border, leaving the pupillary margin intact.buttonhole i., stenopeic i;
sector i. an i. in which a portion of the pupillary margin is excised.
stenopeic i. peripheral i
therapeutic i. an i. performed for the prevention or cure of disease, e.g., angle-closure glaucoma.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridencleisis iridencleisis (ir´i-den-klI´sis)
The incarceration of a portion of the iris by corneoscleral incision in glaucoma to effect filtration between the anterior chamber and subconjunctival space. [irido- + G. enkleio, to shut in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irideremia irideremia (ir´i-der-e´me´a, I´rid-)
Condition wherein the iris is so rudimentary as to appear to be absent. Cf. aniridia. [irido- + G. eremia, absence]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irides irides (ir´i-dez)
Plural of iris. [G.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridescent iridescent (ir-i-des´ent)
Presenting multiple bright refractile colors, typically as a result of optical interference when incident white light is broken into its spectral components when reflected back through several thin-layered films. [G. iris, rainbow]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridesis iridesis (i-rid´e-sis, I-ri-de´sis)
Ligature of a portion of the iris brought out through an incision in the cornea. [irido- + G. desis, a binding together]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridial iridial , iridian , iridic (I-rid´e-al; I-rid´e-an; I-rid´ik, i-rid´-)
iridal



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridin iridin (ir´i-din)
1. Irigenin 7-glucoside from orris root, Iris florentina. 2. A resinoid from blue flag, Iris versicolor; used as a cholagogue and cathartic.irisin;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridium (Ir) iridium (Ir) (i-rid´e-um)
A white, silvery metallic element, atomic no. 77, atomic wt. 192.22; 192Ir is a radioisotope (half-life of 73.83 days) that has been used in the interstitial treatment of certain tumors. [L. iris, rainbow]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irido- irido- , irid-
The iris. [G. iris (irid-), rainbow]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridoavulsion iridoavulsion (ir´i-do-a-vul´shun)
Avulsion, or tearing away, of the iris.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocele iridocele (ir´i-do-sel)
Herniation of a portion of the iris through a corneal defect. [irido- + G. kele, hernia]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridochoroiditis iridochoroiditis (ir´i-do-ko-roy-dI´tis)
Inflammation of both iris and choroid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocoloboma iridocoloboma (ir´i-do-ko-lo-bo´ma)
A coloboma or congenital defect of the iris. [irido- + G. koloboma, coloboma]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocorneal iridocorneal (ir´i-do-kor´ne-al)
Relating to the iris and the cornea.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocyclectomy iridocyclectomy (ir´i-do-sI-klek´to-me)
Removal of the iris and ciliary body for excision of a tumor. [irido- + G. kyklos, circle (ciliary body), + ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocyclitis iridocyclitis (ir´i-do-sI-klI´tis)
Inflammation of both iris and ciliary body. See also iritis, uveitis. [irido- + G. kyklos, circle (ciliary body), + -itis, inflammation]
i. sep´tica Behçet's syndrome



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocyclochoroiditis iridocyclochoroiditis (ir´i-do-sI´klo-ko-royd-I´tis)
Inflammation of the iris, involving the ciliary body and the choroid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridocystectomy iridocystectomy (ir´i-do-sis-tek´to-me)
An operation for making an artificial pupil when posterior synechiae follow extracapsular extraction of cataract; the border of the iris and a portion of the capsule of the lens are drawn out through an incision in the cornea and cut off. [irido- + G. kystis, bladder (capsule), + ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridodiagnosis iridodiagnosis (ir´i-do-dI-ag-no´sis)
Diagnosis of systemic diseases by observation of changes in form and color of the iris.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridodialysis iridodialysis (ir´i-do-dI-al´i-sis)
A colobomatous defect of the iris caused by its separation from the scleral spur. [irido- + G. dialysis, loosening]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridodilator iridodilator (ir´i-do-dI-la´ter)
Causing dilation of the pupil; applied to the musculus dilator pupillae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridodonesis iridodonesis (ir´i-do-do-ne´sis)
Agitated motion of the iris.tremulous iris; [irido- + G. doneo, to shake to and fro]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridokinetic iridokinetic (ir´i-do-ki-net´ik)
Relating to the movements of the iris.iridomotor;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridology iridology (ir-i-dol´o-je)
A system of medicine based on an examination of the iris, using a chart on which certain areas of the iris are diagnostically specific for particular organs, systems, and structures. [irido- + G. logos, study]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridomalacia iridomalacia (ir´i-do-ma-la´she-a)
Degenerative softening of the iris. [irido- + G. malakia, softness]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridomesodialysis iridomesodialysis (ir´i-do-mes´o-dI-al´i-sis)
Separation of adhesions around the inner margin of the iris. [irido- + G. mesos, middle, + dialysis, loosening]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridomotor iridomotor (ir´i-do-mo´tor)
iridokinetic, pupillomotor



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridoparalysis iridoparalysis (ir´i-do-pa-ral´i-sis)
iridoplegia



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridopathy iridopathy (ir-i-dop´a-the)
Pathologic lesions in the iris.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridoplegia iridoplegia (ir´i-do-ple´je-a)
Paralysis of the musculus sphincter iridis.iridoparalysis; [irido- + G. plege, stroke]
complete i. paralysis of both the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris.
reflex i. absence of the pupillary light reflex, as in the Argyll Robertson pupil.
sympathetic i. i. due to the paralysis of the sympathetically innervated dilator pupillae muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridoptosis iridoptosis (ir´i-dop-to´sis)
Prolapse of the iris. [irido- + G. ptosis, a falling]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridorrhexis iridorrhexis (ir´i-do-rek´sis)
Deliberate, surgical tearing of the iris from the scleral spur in order to increase the breadth of a coloboma. [irido- + G. rhexis, rupture]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridoschisis iridoschisis (ir-i-dos´ki-sis)
Separation of the anterior layer of the iris from the posterior layer; ruptured anterior fibers float in the aqueous humor. [irido- + G. schisma, cleft]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridosclerotomy iridosclerotomy (ir´i-do-skle-rot´o-me)
An incision involving both sclera and iris. [irido- + sclera, + G. tome, incision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iridotomy iridotomy (ir-i-dot´o-me)
Transverse division of some of the fibers of the iris, forming an artificial pupil. [irido- + G. tome, incision]
laser i. peripheral iridectomy as performed by laser.This is a refinement of the surgical technique devised in 1858 by von Graefe. In acute glaucoma the aqueous humor cannot flow freely around the lens and through the pupil to be absorbed in the angle of the anterior chamber. Laser peripheral iridectomy corrects this problem by producing a small hole in the iris to permit aqueous flow. The procedure takes only a few seconds and employs a laser attached to a slit lamp.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Iridoviridae Iridoviridae (ir´i-do-vir´i-de)
A family of viruses including iridescent viruses of insects (Iridovirus), the virions of which are nonenveloped, and, probably, also viruses of vertebrates (perhaps including African swine fever virus), the virions of which have envelopes containing 15% lipid. In general, the virus has large icosahedral virions (130 to 300 nm in diameter), the capsids of which contain about 1500 capsomeres. The genome is a single molecule of double stranded DNA with molecular weight of 130 to 160 x 106.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Iridovirus Iridovirus (ir´i-do-vI´rus)
A genus of viruses (family Iridoviridae) comprised of the iridescent insect viruses of which the type species is the tipula iridescent virus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irigenin irigenin (i-ri-jen´in)
A trihydroxy trimethoxy isoflavone component of iridin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iris iris, pl. irides (I´ris, ir´i-dez) [NA]
The anterior division of the vascular tunic of the eye, a diaphragm, perforated in the center (the pupil), attached peripherally to the scleral spur; it is composed of stroma and a double layer of pigmented retinal epithelium from which are derived the sphincter and dilator muscles of the pupil.orris; [G. rainbow, the iris of the eye]
i. bicolor a variegated or two-colored i.monocular heterochromia;
i. bombé a condition occurring in posterior annular synechia, in which an increase of fluid in the posterior chamber causes a forward bulging of the peripheral i.
plateau i. in angle-closure glaucoma, a flat appearance of the i. rather than a forward convexity.
tremulous i. iridodonesis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iris frill iris frill
collarette



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irisin irisin (I´ri-sin)
iridin (2)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iritic iritic (I-rit´ik)
Relating to iritis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iritis iritis (I-rI´tis)
Inflammation of the iris. See also iridocyclitis, uveitis.
fibrinous i. acute inflammation of the iris, with profuse exudate; occurs in uveitis of tertiary syphilis.
follicular i. rarely used term for chronic i. with glassy nodules situated deep down between the anterior and posterior layers of the iris.
i. glaucomato´sa an outpouring of exudate and cells after control of angle-closure glaucoma.
hemorrhagic i. i. with such severe hyperemia that hyphema occurs.
nodular i. i. with aggregations of round cells in the iris.
plastic i. i. with a fibrinous exudation.
quiet i. i. without inflammatory signs such as redness or edema of the cornea.
serous i. inflammation of the iris, with a serous exudate in the anterior chamber.
sympathetic i. i. consecutive to a similar condition in the other eye.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iron (Fe) iron (Fe) (I´ern, I´run)
A metallic element, atomic no. 26, atomic wt. 55.847, that occurs in the heme of hemoglobin, myoglobin, transferrin, ferritin, and iron-containing porphyrins, and is an essential component of enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and the various cytochromes; its salts are used medicinally. For individual salts not listed below, see ferric and ferrous entries. [A.S. iren]
albuminized i. , i. albuminate a compound of i. oxide and albumin; rendered soluble by the presence of sodium citrate; occurs as reddish brown, lustrous granules, odorless or nearly so; used in anemia.
i. alum ferric ammonium sulfate
i. dextrin a complex of dextrin with ferric hydroxide; used intravenously in the treatment of iron deficiency.
peptonized i. a compound of i. oxide and peptone, rendered soluble by the presence of sodium citrate; used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.
i. protoporphyrin a protoporphyrin to which an i. atom is complexed; e.g., heme.
i. pyri´tes native sulfide of i.
i. sorbitex a complex of iron, sorbitol, and citric acid in stable solution for intramuscular administration in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients who are unable to take sufficient amounts of iron by the oral route.i. sorbitol;
i. sorbitol i. sorbitex



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iron-52 (52Fe) iron-52 (52Fe)
A radioactive iron isotope; a cyclotron-produced positron emitter with a half-life of 8.28 hr, used to study iron metabolism.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iron-55 (55Fe) iron-55 (55Fe)
An iron isotope; a positron emitter with a half-life of 2.73 years; used (less often than 59Fe) as a tracer in study of iron metabolism and in blood perfusion studies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iron-59 (59Fe) iron-59 (59Fe)
An iron isotope; a gamma and beta emitter with a half-life of 44.51 days; used as tracer in study of iron metabolism, determination of blood volume, and in blood transfusion studies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irradiate irradiate (i-ra´de-at)
To apply radiation from a source to a structure or organism. [see irradiation]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irradiation irradiation (i-ra-de-a´shun)
1. The subjective enlargement of a bright object seen against a dark background. 2. Exposure to the action of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., heat, light, x-rays). 3. The spreading of nervous impulses from one area in the brain or cord, or from a tract, to another tract. See also radiation. [L. ir-radio, (in-r), pp. -radi-atus, to beam forth]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrational irrational (i-rash´un-al)
Not rational; unreasonable (contrary to reason) or unreasoning (not exercising reason). [L. irrationalis, without reason]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irreducible irreducible (ir-re-du´si-bl, i-re-)
1. Not reducible; incapable of being made smaller. 2. In chemistry, incapable of being made simpler, or of being replaced, hydrogenated, or reduced in positive charge.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrespirable irrespirable (ir-re-spIr´a-bl)
1. Incapable of being inhaled because of irritation to the airway, resulting in breath-holding. 2. Denoting a gas or vapor either poisonous or containing insufficient oxygen. 3. Denoting an aerosol composed of particles with aerodynamic size larger than 10 mu.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irresponsibility irresponsibility (ir´re-spons-i-bil´i-te)
The state of not acting in a manner that is responsible, for conscious or unconscious reasons.
criminal i. the state, usually attributed to mental defect or disease, that renders a person not responsbile for his criminal conduct.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irresuscitable irresuscitable (ir´re-sus´i-ta-bl)
Incapable of being revived.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irreversible irreversible (ir-re-ver´si-bl)
Incapable of being reversed; permanent. [L. in- (ir-) neg. + re-verto, pp. -versus, to turn back]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrigate irrigate (ir´i-gat)
To perform irrigation. [L. ir-rigo, pp. -atus, to irrigate, fr. in, on, + rigo, to water]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrigation irrigation (ir-i-ga´shun)
The washing out of a cavity or wound with a fluid. [see irrigate]
drip-suck i. infusion-aspiration drainage



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrigator irrigator (ir´i-ga-ter)
An appliance used in irrigation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irritability irritability (ir´i-ta-bil´i-te)
The property inherent in protoplasm of reacting to a stimulus. [L. irritabilitas, fr. irrito, pp. -atus, to excite]
electric i. the response of a nerve or muscle to the passage of a current of electricity; in cases of degeneration in nerve or muscle this i. is altered or lost. See modal alteration, qualitative alteration, quantitative alteration.
myotatic i. the ability of a muscle to contract in response to the stimulus produced by a sudden stretching.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irritable irritable (ir´i-ta-bl)
1. Capable of reacting to a stimulus. 2. Tending to react immoderately to a stimulus. Cf. excitable.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irritant irritant (ir´i-tant)
1. Irritating; causing irritation. 2. Any agent with this action.
primary i. a substance that causes inflammation and other evidence of irritation, particularly of the skin, on first contact or exposure; a reaction of irritation not dependent on a mechanism of sensitization.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irritation irritation (ir-i-ta´shun)
1. Extreme incipient inflammatory reaction of the tissues to an injury. 2. The normal response of nerve or muscle to a stimulus. 3. The evocation of a normal or exaggerated reaction in the tissues by the application of a stimulus. [L. irritatio]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irritative irritative (ir-i-ta´tiv)
Causing irritation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irrumation irrumation (ir´u-ma´shun)
fellatio [L. irrumo, pp. -atus, to give suck]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irruption irruption (i-rup´shun)
Act or process of breaking through to a surface. [L. irruptio, fr. irrumpo, to break in]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

irruptive irruptive (i-rup´tiv)
Relating to or characterized by irruption.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IRV IRV
Abbreviation for inspiratory reserve volume.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Irvine Irvine
A. Ray, Jr., U.S. ophthalmologist, *1917. See I.-Gass syndrome.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ISA ISA
Abbreviation for intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Isamine blue Isamine blue (is´a-men, I´sa-)
pyrrol blue



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isauxesis isauxesis (I-sawk-ze´sis)
Growth of parts at the same rate as growth of the whole. [G. isos, even, + auxesis, increase]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischemia ischemia (is-ke´me-a)
Local anemia due to mechanical obstruction (mainly arterial narrowing) of the blood supply. [G. ischo, to keep back, + haima, blood]
myocardial i. inadequate circulation of blood to the myocardium, usually as a result of coronary artery disease. See also angina pectoris, myocardial infarction.
postural i. the reduced blood pressure and flow induced in a part, e.g., the leg or foot, by raising it above the heart level; used to reduce bleeding during surgical operations on the extremities.
i. ret´inae diminished blood supply in the retina due to failure of the arterial circulation; it may occur as a result of arterial embolism or spasm; poisoning, as by quinine; or exsanguination from recurring profuse hemorrhages (e.g., in parturition, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and pulmonary tuberculosis); bilateral transitory or permanent blindness may result.
silent i. myocardial i. without accompanying signs or symptoms of angina pectoris; can be detected by EKG and other lab techniques. See also silent myocardial infarction.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischemic ischemic (is-ke´mik)
Relating to or affected by ischemia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischesis ischesis (is-ke´sis)
Suppression of any discharge, especially of a normal one. [G. ischo, to hold back]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischia ischia (is´ke-a)
Plural of ischium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiadic ischiadic (is-ke-ad´ik)
sciatic (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiadicus ischiadicus (is-ke-ad´i-kus) [NA]
sciatic [L.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischial ischial (is´ke-al)
sciatic (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischialgia ischialgia (is-ke-al´je-a)
1. Pain in the hip; specifically, the ischium.ischiodynia; 2. Rarely used term for sciatica.ischioneuralgia; [G. ischion, hip, + algos, pain]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiatic ischiatic (is-ke-at´ik)
sciatic (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischidrosis ischidrosis (is-ki-dro´sis)
Obsolete term for anhidrosis. [G. ischo, to hold back, + hidrosis, perspiration]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischio- ischio-
The ischium. [G. ischion, hip joint, haunch (ischium)]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischioanal ischioanal (is-ke-o-a´nal)
Relating to the ischium and the anus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiobulbar ischiobulbar (is-ke-o-bul´bar)
Relating to the ischium and the bulb of the penis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiocapsular ischiocapsular (is-ke-o-kap´su-lar)
Relating to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; denoting that part of the capsule which is attached to the ischium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiocavernosus ischiocavernosus
See ischiocavernous muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiocavernous ischiocavernous (is-ke-o-kav´er-nus)
Relating to the ischium and the corpus cavernosum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiocele ischiocele (is´ke-o-sel)
sciatic hernia [ischio- + G. kele, hernia]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiococcygeal ischiococcygeal (is-ke-o-kok-sij´e-al)
Relating to the ischium and the coccyx.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiococcygeus ischiococcygeus (is-ke-o-kok-sij´e-us)
See muscle.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiodynia ischiodynia (is´ke-o-din´e-a)
ischialgia (1) [ischio- + G. odyne, pain]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiofemoral ischiofemoral (is-ke-o-fem´o-ral)
Relating to the ischium, or hip bone, and the femur, or thigh bone.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiofibular ischiofibular (is´ke-o-fib´yu-lar)
Relating to or connecting the ischium and the fibula.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiomelus ischiomelus (is-ki-om´e-lus)
Unequal conjoined twins in which the parasite, often only an arm or a leg, arises from the pelvic region of the autosite. See conjoined twins, under twin. [ischio- + G. melos, limb]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischioneuralgia ischioneuralgia (is-ke-o-nu-ral´je-a)
ischialgia



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischionitis ischionitis (is´ke-o-nI´tis)
Inflammation of the ischium.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiopagus ischiopagus (is-ke-op´a-gus)
Conjoined twins united in their ischial region. See conjoined twins, under twin. [ischio- + G. pagos, fixed]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischioperineal ischioperineal (is´ke-o-per-i-ne´al)
Relating to the ischium and the perineum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiopubic ischiopubic (is´ke-o-pu´bik)
Relating to both ischium and pubis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiorectal ischiorectal (is´ke-o-rek´tal)
Relating to the ischium and the rectum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiosacral ischiosacral (is´ke-o-sa´kral)
Relating to the ischium and the sacrum.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiothoracopagus ischiothoracopagus (is´ke-o-thor-a-kop´a-gus)
iliothoracopagus



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiotibial ischiotibial (is´ke-o-tib´e-al)
Relating to or connecting the ischium and the tibia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiovaginal ischiovaginal (is-ke-o-vaj´i-nal)
Relating to the ischium and the vagina.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischiovertebral ischiovertebral (is-ke-o-ver´te-bral)
Relating to the ischium and the vertebral column.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischium ischium, gen. ischii, pl. ischia (is´ke-um, is´ke-a)
The lower and posterior part of the hip bone, distinct at birth but later becoming fused with the ilium and pubis; it consists of a body, where it joins the ilium and superior ramus of the pubis to form the acetabulum, and a ramus joining the inferior ramus of the pubis.os ischii [NA], ischial bone; [Mod. L. fr. G. ischion, hip]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischochymia ischochymia (is-ko-kI´me-a)
Retention of food in the stomach due to dilation of that organ. [G. ischo, to keep back, + chymos, juice]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischuretic ischuretic (is-ku-ret´ik)
1. Relating to or relieving ischuria. 2. An agent that relieves retention or suppression of urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ischuria ischuria (is-ku´re-a)
Retention or suppression of urine. [G. ischo, to keep back, + ouron, urine]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isethionate isethionate (I-se-thI´o-nat)
A salt or ester of isethionic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isethionic acid isethionic acid (I´se-thI-on´ik)
HOCH2CH2SO3H; 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid;a colorless viscous liquid, miscible with water and alcohols, that forms crystalline salts with organic acids.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ishak Ishak
See Luna-Ishak stain.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ishihara Ishihara
Shinobu, Japanese ophthalmologist, 1879-1963. See I. test.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isinglass isinglass (I´zing-glas)
ichthyocolla [Old Ger. huysenblas, sturgeon's bladder]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

island island (I´land)
In anatomy, any isolated part, separated from the surrounding tissues by a groove, or marked by a difference in structure.insula (2) ; [A.S. Igland]
blood i. an aggregation of splanchnic mesodermal cells on the embryonic yolk sac, with the potentiality of forming vascular endothelium and primitive blood cells.blood islet;
bone i. a macroscopic focus of cortical bone within medullary bone, commonly seen as a dense round or oval opacity on radiographs of the pelvis, femoral head, humerus, or ribs.
i.'s of Calleja dense clusters of very small nerve cells (granule cells) characteristic of the olfactory tubercle at the base of the forebrain.
epimyoepithelial i.'s (ep´e-mI-o-ep´e-the´lI-al) proliferation of salivary gland ductal epithelium and myoepithelium. Characteristic of benign lymphoepithelial lesions and Sjögren's syndrome.
Langerhans' i.'s islets of Langerhans, under islet
pancreatic i.'s islets of Langerhans, under islet
i. of Reil insula (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

islet islet (i´let)
A small island.
blood i. blood island
i.'s of Langerhans cellular masses varying from a few to hundreds of cells lying in the interstitial tissue of the pancreas; they are composed of different cell types that comprise the endocrine portion of the pancreas and are the source of insulin and glucagon.islet tissue, Langerhans' islands, pancreatic islands, pancreatic i.'s;
pancreatic i.'s i.'s of Langerhans
principal i.'s separate globular aggregates made up mostly of endocrine pancreatic tissue; present in some fishes and snakes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ism -ism
1. A medical condition or a disease resulting from or involving some specified thing. 2. A practice, doctrine. Cf. -ia, -ismus. [G. -isma, -ismos, noun-forming suffix]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ismus -ismus
L. for -ism; customarily used to imply spasm, contraction. [L. fr. G. -ismos, suffix forming nouns of action]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iso- iso-
1. Prefix meaning equal, like. 2. In chemistry, prefix indicating "isomer of" (isomerism); e.g., isocyanate vs. cyanate. 3. In immunology, prefix designating sameness with respect to species; in recent years, the meaning has shifted to sameness with respect to genetic constitution of individuals. [G. isos, equal]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoacceptor tRNA isoacceptor tRNA (I´so-ak´sep-tor)
Different tRNA species that bind to alternate codons for the same amino acid residue; can be one tRNA that recognizes the various codons that signify those for the particular amino acid residue.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoagglutination isoagglutination (I´so-a-glu-ti-na´shun)
Agglutination of red blood cells as a result of the reaction between an isoagglutinin and specific antigen in or on the cells.isohemagglutination; [iso- + L. ad, to, + gluten, glue]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoagglutinin isoagglutinin (I´so-a-glu´ti-nin)
An isoantibody that causes agglutination of cells of genetically different members of the same species.isohemagglutinin;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoagglutinogen isoagglutinogen (I´so-a-glu-tin´o-jen)
An isoantigen that induces agglutination of the cells to which it is attached upon exposure to its specific isoantibody.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoallele isoallele (I´so-a-lel´)
One of a number of alleles that can be distinguished only by special analyses.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoalloxazine isoalloxazine (I´so-a-loks´a-zen)
The heterocyclic compound of riboflavin and other flavins.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoaminile isoaminile (I-so-am´i-nIl)
4-(Dimethylamino)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylvaleronitrile;an antitussive agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoamyl isoamyl (I-so-am´il)
See amyl.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoamylase isoamylase (I-so-am´il-as)
A hydrolase that cleaves 1,6-a-d-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their beta-limit dextrins; part of the complex known as debranching enzyme; similar to a-dextrin endo-1,6-a-glucosidase but unable to act on pullulan.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoandrosterone isoandrosterone (I´so-an-dros´ter-on)
epiandrosterone



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoantibody isoantibody (I´so-an´ti-bod-e)
1. An antibody that occurs only in some individuals of a species and reacts specifically with a particular foreign isoantigen. For specific i.'s of blood groups, see the Blood Groups appendix. 2. Sometimes used as a synonym of alloantibody. [G. isos, equal]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoantigen isoantigen (I´so-an´ti-jen)
1. An antigenic substance that occurs only in some individuals of a species, such as the blood group antigens of humans. For specific i.'s of blood groups, see the Blood Groups appendix. 2. Sometimes used as a synonym of alloantigen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobar isobar (I´so-bar)
1. One of two or more nuclides having the same total number of protons plus neutrons, but with different distribution; e.g., argon-40 with 18 protons and 22 neutrons, potassium-40 with 19 protons and 21 neutrons, calcium-40 with 20 protons and 20 neutrons. The product of a beta-disintegration is an i. of its parent. 2. The line on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure. [iso- + G. baros, weight]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobaric isobaric (I-so-bar´ik)
1. Having equal weights or pressures. 2. With respect to solutions, having the same density as the diluent or medium; e.g., in spinal anesthesia, an i. solution has the same specific gravity as has spinal fluid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobestic isobestic (I-so-bes´tik)
Erroneous spelling of isosbestic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobornyl thiocyanoacetate isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (I-so-bor´nil thI-o-sI´a-no-as´e-tat)
C13H19NO2S;a pediculicide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobutane isobutane (I´so-byu´tan)
See butane.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobuteine isobuteine (I-so-byu´te-en)
S-(2-Carboxypropyl)cysteine;a sulfur-containing compound in urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol (I-so-byu´til)
See butyl alcohol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobutyl nitrite isobutyl nitrite
A liquid present in commercial amyl nitrite, with similar antispasmodic and vasodilator properties.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobutyric acid isobutyric acid (I´so-byu-tir´ik)
See butyric acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isobuzole isobuzole (I-so-byu´zol)
N-(5-Isobutyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-p-methoxybenzenesulfonamide;an oral hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.glysobuzole;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocapnia isocapnia (I-so-kap´ne-a)
A state in which the arterial carbon dioxide pressure remains constant or unchanged. [iso- + G. kapnos, vapor]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocarboxazid isocarboxazid (I´so-kar-bok´sa-zid)
1-Benzyl-2-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolylcarbonyl)hydrazine;a monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in the treatment of depressive disorders.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocellular isocellular (I´so-sel´yu-lar)
Composed of cells of equal size or of similar character. [iso- + L. cellula, dim. of cella, a storeroom]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochoric isochoric (iI´so-kor´ik)
isovolumic [iso- + G. chora, space]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochromatic isochromatic (I-so-kro-mat´ik)
1. Of uniform color.isochroous; 2. Denoting two objects of the same color. [iso- + G. chroma, color]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochromatophil isochromatophil , isochromatophile (I´so-kro-mat´o-fil, fIl)
Having an equal affinity for the same dye; said of cells or tissues. [iso- + G. chroma, color, + philos, fond]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochromosome isochromosome (I´so-kro´mo-som)
A chromosomal aberration that arises as a result of transverse rather than longitudinal division of the centromere during meiosis; two daughter chromosomes are formed, each lacking one chromosome arm but with the other doubled.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochronia isochronia (I-so-kro´ne-a)
1. The state of having the same chronaxie. 2. Agreement, with respect to time, rate, or frequency, between processes. [iso- + G. chronos, time]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochronous isochronous (I-sok´ro-nus)
Occurring during the same time.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isochroous isochroous (I-sok´ro-us)
isochromatic (1)



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocitrase isocitrase , isocitratase (I-so-sit´ras, -sit´ra-tas)
isocitrate lyase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocitrate isocitrate (I-so-sI´trat)
(I-ssit´rat) A salt or ester of isocitric acid.
i. dehydrogenase one of two enzymes that catalyze the conversion of threo-ds-isocitrate, the product of the action of both aconitase and isocitrate lyase, to a-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) and CO2; one of the isozymes uses NAD+ (participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle) while the other uses NADP+.isocitric acid dehydrogenase, oxalosuccinic carboxylase;
i. lyase an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of glyoxylate and succinate, forming threo-ds-isocitrate; participates in the glyoxylate cycle.isocitrase, isocitratase, isocitritase;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocitric acid isocitric acid (I-so-sit´rik)
HOOCCH2CH(COOH)CH(OH)COOH;an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
i.a. dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocitritase isocitritase (I-so-sit´ri-tas)
isocitrate lyase



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocline isocline (I´so-klIn)
A line in a geographical region that joins all points at which in a population there is the same average frequency for the various alleles at a genetic locus. See also cline. [iso- + G. klino, to slope]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoconazole isoconazole (I´so-ko´na-zol)
Antibacterial and antifungal agent related to ketoconazole and oxiconazole.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocoria isocoria (I-so-ko´re-a)
Equality in the size of the two pupils. [iso- + G. kore, pupil]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocortex isocortex (I-so-kor´teks)
O. and C. Vogt's term for the larger part of the mammalian cerebral cortex, distinguished from the allocortex by being composed of a larger number of nerve cells arranged in six layers. See also cerebral cortex.homotypic cortex, neocortex, neopallium;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocyanate isocyanate (I-so-sI´a-nat)
The radical -N=C=O from isocyanic acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocyanic acid isocyanic acid (I-so-sI´a-nik)
HNCO;a highly reactive chemical.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocyanide isocyanide (I-so-sI´a-nId)
The radical -NC; organic i.'s are called isonitriles.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isocytolysin isocytolysin (I´so-sI-tol´i-sin)
A cytolysin that reacts with the cells of certain other animals of the same species, but not with the cells of the individual that formed the i.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodactylism isodactylism (I-so-dak´ti-lizm)
Condition in which the fingers or toes are all approximately of equal length. [iso- + G. daktylos, finger]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodense isodense (I´so-dens)
Denoting a tissue having a radiopacity (radiodensity) similar to that of another or adjacent tissue.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodesmosine isodesmosine (I-so-des´mo-sen)
A cross-linking amino acid formed from lysyl residues; found in elastin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodulcit isodulcit (I-so-dul´sit)
l-rhamnose



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodynamic isodynamic (I´so-dI-nam´ik)
1. Of equal force or strength. 2. Relating to foods or other materials that liberate the same amount of energy on combustion. [iso- + G. dynamis, force]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isodynamogenic isodynamogenic (I´so-dI-na-mo-jen´ik, -dI-nam´o-)
1. isoenergetic 2. Producing equal nerve force. [iso- + G. dynamis, force, + -gen, producing]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoelectric isoelectric (I´so-e-lek´trik)
Of equal electrical potential. Cf. isoelectric point. isopotential;
i. focusing electrophoresis of small molecules or macromolecules in a pH gradient.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoenergetic isoenergetic (I´so-en-er-jet´ik)
Exerting equal force; equally active.isodynamogenic (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoenzyme isoenzyme (I-so-en´zIm)
One of a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but may be differentiated by variations in physical properties, such as isoelectric point, electrophoretic mobility, kinetic parameters, or modes of regulation; e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, a tetramer composed of varying amounts of a and beta subunits (i.e., 4a; 3a + 1beta; 2a + 2beta; 1a + 3beta; and 4beta).isozyme;
creatine kinase i.'s the isoenzymes of creatine kinase. Creatine kinase is a dimer with M (muscle) and/or B (brain) subunits; it exists in three isoenzyme forms: CK-MM, the predominant form, found primarily in skeletal muscle; CK-MB, found in cardiac muscle, tongue, diaphragm, and in small amounts in skeletal muscle; and CK-BB found in the brain, smooth muscle, thyroid, lungs, and prostate. Elevations detected by electrophoresis or other methodologies can be used to help in the differential diagnosis of a variety of disease states, with CK-MB elevations as an important marker following myocardial infarctions, elevations in CK-MM an indicator of muscle disease, and increases in CK-BB an occasional finding following brain infarcts, bowel infarcts, or in the presence of certain malignancies.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoerythrolysis isoerythrolysis (I´so-e-rith-rol´i-sis)
Destruction of erythrocytes by isoantibodies. [iso- + erythrocyte = G. lysis, dissolution]
neonatal i. 1. i. in the newborn animal; 2. hemolytic icterus of the newborn.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoetharine isoetharine (I-so-eth´a-ren)
a-(1-Isopropylaminopropyl)protocatechuyl alcohol;a bronchodilator for the treatment of bronchial asthma; it possesses actions similar to metaproterenol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isofluorphate isofluorphate (I-so-flur´fat)
[(CH3)2CH-O]2P(O)F;a toxic cholinergic agent that acts by irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase; an ophthalmic cholinergic agent; also used in biochemical research as an enzyme inhibitor.diisopropyl fluorophosphate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoflurane isoflurane (I-so-flur´an)
1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether;a nonflammable, nonexplosive, halogenated ether with potent anesthetic action; an isomer of enflurane.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isogamete isogamete (I-so-gam´et)
1. One of two or more similar cells that conjugate or fuse and subsequently divide, resulting in reproduction. 2. A gamete of the same size as the gamete with which it unites. [iso- + G. gametes or gamete, husband or wife]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isogamy isogamy (I-sog´a-me)
Conjugation between two equal gametes or two individual cells alike in all respects. [iso- + G. gamos, marriage]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isogeneic isogeneic , isogenic (I´so-je-ne´ik, -jen´ik)
syngeneic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isogenous isogenous (I-soj´e-nus)
Of the same origin, as in development from the same tissue or cell. [iso- + G. genos, family, kind]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isogentiobiose isogentiobiose (I´so-jen-shi-o-bI´os)
isomaltose



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoglutamine isoglutamine (I-so-glu´ta-men)
H2NCO-CH(NH3+) -CH2CH2COO-;a glutamic amide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isognathous isognathous (I-sog´na-thus)
Having jaws of approximately the same width. [iso- + G. gnathos, jaw]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isograft isograft (I´so-graft)
syngraft



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohemagglutination isohemagglutination (I´so-he´ma-glu´ti-na´shun)
isoagglutination [iso- + G. haima, blood, + L. ad, to, + gluten, glue]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohemagglutinin isohemagglutinin (I´so-he´ma-glu´ti-nin)
isoagglutinin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohemolysin isohemolysin (I´so-he-mol´i-sin)
An isolysin that reacts with red blood cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohemolysis isohemolysis (I´so-he-mol´i-sis)
A form of isolysis in which there is dissolution of red blood cells as a result of the reaction between an isolysin (isohemolysin) and specific antigen in or on the cells. [iso- + G. haima, blood, + lysis, dissolution]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohydric isohydric (I-so-hI´drik)
Denoting two substances possessing the same pH.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohydruria isohydruria (I´so-hI-dru´re-a)
Fixation of the pH of the urine without the usual variation. [iso- + G. hydor, water, + ouron, urine, + -ia]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohypercytosis isohypercytosis (I´so-hI-per-sI-to´sis)
Obsolete term for a condition in which the number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is increased, but the relative proportions of the various types (especially the granulocytes) are within the usual range. [iso- + G. hyper, above, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isohypocytosis isohypocytosis (I´so-hI-po-sI-to´sis)
Obsolete term for a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of leukocytes in the circulating blood, but the relative proportions of the various types (especially the granulocytes) are within the usual range. [iso- + G. hypo, below, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoimmunization isoimmunization (I´so-im´yu-nI-za´shun)
Development of a significant titer of specific antibody as a result of antigenic stimulation with material contained on or in the red blood cells of another individual of the same species; e.g., i. is likely to occur when an Rh-negative person is treated with a transfusion of Rh-positive blood from another human being, or an Rh-negative woman has a pregnancy in which the fetus inherits Rh-positive red blood cells.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolate isolate (I´so-lat)
1. To separate, to set apart others; that which is so treated. 2. To free of chemical contaminants. 3. In psychoanalysis, to separate experiences or memories from the affects pertaining to them. 4. In group psychotherapy an individual who is not responded to by others in the group. 5. Viable organisms separated on a single occasion from a field sample in experimental hosts, culture systems, or stabilates. 6. A population that for geographic, linguistic, cultural, social, religious, or other reasons is subject to little or no gene flow.genetic i; [It. isolare; Mediev. L. insulo, pp. -atus, to insulate, fr. L. insula, island]
genetic i. isolate (6)
mating i. a population separated from its neighbors by any means so that all or most matings occur within the population group.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolation isolation
1. In microbiology, separation of an organism from others, usually by making serial cultures. 2. Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons or animals from others, so as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those who are infected to those who are susceptible.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolecithal isolecithal (I-so-les´i-thal)
Denoting an ovum in which there is a moderate amount of uniformly distributed yolk.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoleucine (I) isoleucine (I) (I-so-lu´sen)
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH- (NH3+)COO-; 2-amino-3-methylvaleric acid;the l-amino acid found in almost all proteins; an isomer of leucine and, like it, a dietary essential amino acid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoleucyl isoleucyl (I-so-lu´sil)
The acyl radical of isoleucine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoleukoagglutinin isoleukoagglutinin (I´so-lu´ko-a-glu´ti-nin)
Naturally occurring abnormal antibody in the blood of some persons with certain conditions, capable of agglutinating human leukocytes.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isologous isologous (lI-sol´o-gus)
syngeneic [iso- + G. logos, ratio]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolysin isolysin (I-sol´i-sin)
An antibody that combines with, sensitizes, and results in complement-fixation and dissolution of cells that contain the specific isoantigen; i.'s occur in the blood of some members of a species and they react with the cells of that species, but not with the cells of the individual (or the same type) in which the i.'s are naturally formed.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolysis isolysis (I-sol´i-sis)
Lysis or dissolution of cells as a result of the reaction between an isolysin and specific antigen in or on the cells. See also isohemolysis. [iso- + G. lysis, dissolution]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isolytic isolytic (I-so-lit´ik)
Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing isolysis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomaltase isomaltase (I-so-mal´tas)
oligo-a1,6-glucosidase See also sucrose a-d-glucohydrolase.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomaltose isomaltose (I-so-mal´tos)
A disaccharide in which two glucose molecules are attached by an a1,6 link, rather than an a1,4 link as in maltose.isogentiobiose;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomastigote isomastigote (I-so-mas´ti-got)
Denoting a protozoan having two or four flagella of equal length at one extremity. [iso- + G. mastix, whip]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomer isomer (I´so-mer)
1. One of two or more substances displaying isomerism; e.g., l-glucose and d-glucose or citrate and isocitrate. Cf. stereoisomer. 2. One of two or more nuclides having the same atomic and mass numbers but differing in energy states for a finite period of time; e.g., 99mTc and 99Tc. [iso- + G. meros, part]
geometric i. See geometric isomerism.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomerase isomerase (I-som´er-as)
A class of enzymes (EC class 5) catalyzing the conversion of a substance to an isomeric form; e.g., glucosephosphate isomerase.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomeric isomeric (I-so-mar´ik)
Relating to or characterized by isomerism.isomerous;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomerism isomerism (I-som´er-izm)
The existence of a chemical compound in two or more forms that are identical with respect to percentage composition but differ as to the positions of one or more atoms within the molecules, and also in physical and chemical properties.
geometric i. a form of i. displayed by unsaturated or ring compounds where free rotation about a bond (usually a carbon-carbon bond) is restricted; e.g., the i. of a cis- or trans- compound as in oleic acid and elaidic acid. Cf. cis-, entgegen, trans-, zusammen.
optical i. stereoisomerism involving the arrangement of substituents about an asymmetric atom or atoms (usually carbon) so that there is a difference in the behavior of the various isomers with regard to the extent of their rotation of the plane of polarized light. Cf. stereoisomerism.
stereochemical i. stereoisomerism
structural i. i. involving the same atoms in different arrangements; e.g., butyric acids, leucine and isoleucine, glucose and fructose.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomerization isomerization (I-som´er-I-za´shun)
A process in which one isomer is formed from another, as in the action of isomerases.
enzyme i. reversible changes in enzyme conformation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomerous isomerous (I-som´er-us)
isomeric



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomethadone isomethadone (I-so-meth´a-don)
6-(Dimethylamino)-5-methyl-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone;a narcotic analgesic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isometheptene isometheptene (I´so-meth-ep´ten)
N,1,5-Trimethyl-4-hexenylamine;an unsaturated aliphatic sympathomimetic amine with antispasmodic and vasoconstrictor actions.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isometric isometric (I-so-met´rik)
1. Of equal dimensions. 2. In physiology, denoting the condition when the ends of a contracting muscle are held fixed so that contraction produces increased tension at a constant overall length. Cf. auxotonic, isotonic (3), isovolumic. [iso- + G. metron, measure]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isometropia isometropia (I´so-me-tro´pe-a)
Equality in refraction in the two eyes. [iso- + G. metron, measure, + ops (op-), eye]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomorphic isomorphic (I-so-mor´fik)
isomorphous



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomorphism isomorphism (I-so-mor´fizm)
Similarity of form between two or more organisms or between parts of the body. [iso- + G. morphe, shape]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isomorphous isomorphous (I-so-mor´fus)
Having the same form or shape, or being morphologically equal.isomorphic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isonaphthol isonaphthol (I-so-naf´thol)
See naphthol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoncotic isoncotic (I-son-kot´ik)
Of equal oncotic pressure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoniazid isoniazid (I-so-nI´a-zid)
C6H7N3O; isonicotinic acid hydrazide;a compound effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isonicotinic acid isonicotinic acid (I-so-nik-o-tin´ik)
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid;its hydrazide is isoniazid.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isonitrile isonitrile (I-so-nI´tril)
An organic isocyanide.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isonitrosoacetone isonitrosoacetone (I´so-nI-tro-so-as´e-ton)
CH3CO-CH=NOH; propanone 1-oxine;a cholinesterase reactivator that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier readily and cause significant reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system; used to protect human beings and animals against otherwise lethal poisoning with organophosphorous anticholinesterase agents.monoisonitrosoacetone, pyruvaldoxine;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isonormocytosis isonormocytosis (I´so-nor-mo-sI-to´sis)
Obsolete term for a condition in which the actual number and the relative proportions of the various types of leukocytes in the circulating blood are within normal range. [iso- + L. norma, rule, + G. kytos, cell, + -osis, condition]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iso-osmotic iso-osmotic (I´so-os-mot´ik)
isosmotic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopathy isopathy (I-sop´a-the)
Treatment of disease by means of the causal agent or a product of the same disease; or treatment of a diseased organ by an extract of a similar organ from a healthy animal. See also homeopathy. [iso- + G. pathos, suffering]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopentenylpyrophosphate isopentenylpyrophosphate (I-so-pen-ten-il´pI-ro-fos´fat)
H2C=C(CH3)CH2CH2OP2O62-;an intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids, terpenes, dolichol, and prenylated proteins.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopentyl isopentyl (I-so-pen´til)
See amyl.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopeptide isopeptide (I-so-pep´tId)
See isopeptide bond.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isophagy isophagy (I-sof´a-je)
autolysis [iso- + G. phago, to eat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoplassonts isoplassonts (I-so-plas´onts)
Like-formed entities having certain features in common. [iso- + G. plasso, to form]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoplastic isoplastic (I-so-plas´tik)
syngeneic [iso- + G. plasso, to form]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopleth isopleth (I´so-pleth)
A line on a Cartesian nomogram consisting of all points that represent a particular value of a variable; e.g., an isobar is an i. for a particular pressure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopotential isopotential (I´so-po-ten´chul)
isoelectric



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprecipitin isoprecipitin (I´so-pre-sip´i-tin)
An antibody that combines with and precipitates soluble antigenic material in the plasma or serum, or in an extract of the cells, from another member, but not all members, of the same species. [iso- + precipitin]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprenaline hydrochloride isoprenaline hydrochloride (I-so-pren´a-len)
isoproterenol hydrochloride



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprenaline sulfate isoprenaline sulfate
isoproterenol sulfate



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprene isoprene (I´so-pren)
CH2=CH-C(CH3)=CH2; 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene;an unsaturated five-carbon hydrocarbon with a branched chain, which in the plant and animal kingdom is used as the basis for the formation of isoprenoids; e.g., terpenes, carotenoids and related pigments, rubber. Fat-soluble vitamins either are isoprenoid or have isoprenoid side chains; steroids are synthesized via isoprenoid intermediates as are ubiquinone, dolichol, and prenylated proteins.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprenoids isoprenoids (I-so-pren´oydz)
Polymers whose carbon skeletons consist in whole or in large part of isoprene units joined end to end; e.g., carotene, lycopene, vitamin A. Vitamins K and E and the coenzymes Q have isoprenoid side chains.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprenylation isoprenylation (I-so-pren´il-a´shun)
prenylation See prenylation.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropamide iodide isopropamide iodide (I-so-pro´pa-mId)
(3-Carbamoyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl)diisopropylmethylammonium iodide;an anticholinergic agent.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropanol isopropanol (I-so-pro´pa-nol)
isopropyl alcohol



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoprophenamine hydrochloride isoprophenamine hydrochloride (I´so-pro-fen´a-men)
clorprenaline hydrochloride



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol (I-so-pro´pil)
(CH3)2CHOH;an isomer of propyl alcohol and a homologue of ethyl alcohol, similar in its properties, when used externally, to the latter, but more toxic when taken internally; used as an ingredient of various cosmetics and of medicinal preparations for external use; also available as isopropyl rubbing alcohol, which contains 68 to 72% of isopropyl alcohol (by volume) in water; used as a rubefacient.dimethylcarbinol, isopropanol;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropylarterenol hydrochloride isopropylarterenol hydrochloride (I-so-pro´pil-ar-ter´e-nol)
isoproterenol hydrochloride



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropylcarbinol isopropylcarbinol (I´so-pro-pil-kar´bin-ol)
See butyl alcohol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate (I-so-pro´pil)
A pharmaceutic aid used in topical medicinal preparations to promote absorption through the skin.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopropylthiogalactoside (iPrSGal, IPTG) isopropylthiogalactoside (iPrSGal, IPTG) (I-so-pro´pil-thI´o-ga-lak´to-sId)
An artificial galactoside capable of inducing beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli without being split, as are the natural substrates such as lactose.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoproterenol hydrochloride isoproterenol hydrochloride (I´so-pro-ter´e-nol)
3,4-Dihydroxy-a-[(isopropylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic beta-receptor stimulant possessing the cardiac excitatory, but not the vasoconstrictor, actions of epinephrine. Chemically it differs from epinephrine in having an isopropyl group replacing the methyl group attached to the nitrogen atom; used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and heart block, including Adams-Stokes attacks.isoprenaline hydrochloride, isopropylarterenol hydrochloride;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoproterenol sulfate isoproterenol sulfate
Used for inhalation as an aerosol in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks and chronic pulmonary emphysema.isoprenaline sulfate;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopter isopter (I-sop´ter)
A line of equal retinal sensitivity in the visual field. [iso- + G. opter, observer]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopyknic isopyknic (I-so-pik´nik)
Having the same density. [iso- + G. phknos, thick, dense, + -ic]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isopyrocalciferol isopyrocalciferol (I-so-pI´ro-cal-sif´er-ol)
9beta-Ergosterol;a thermal decomposition product of calciferol; a stereoisomer of pyrocalciferol and ergosterol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoquinoline isoquinoline (I-so-kwin´o-len)
1. Benzo[c]pyridine;ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids represented by papaverine. 2. A class of alkaloids containing the i. (1) ring structure.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoriboflavin isoriboflavin (I´so-rI´bo-fla-vin)
8-Demethyl-6-methylriboflavin;a riboflavin antimetabolite, differing from riboflavin in that the methyl groups on the isoalloxazine nucleus are in the 6,7 positions rather than the 7,8.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isorrhea isorrhea (I-so-re´a)
Equality of intake and output of water; maintenance of water equilibrium. [iso- + G. rhoia, a flow]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosbestic isosbestic (I-sos-bes´tik)
Denoting the wavelength of light at which two related compounds have identical extinction coefficients; e.g., the wavelength at which the absorption spectra of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin cross is their i. point. Spectrophotometry at that wavelength measures total concentration of hemoglobin, regardless of the extent to which it might be oxygenated. [Ger. isosbestisch, fr. G. isos, equal, + sbestos, extinguished]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoschizomer isoschizomer (I-so-skiz´o-mer)
A restriction endonuclease from different organisms that recognizes and hydrolyzes at the same DNA sequence. [jiso- + G. schizo to split, + -mer]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosensitize isosensitize (I-so-sen´si-tIz)
autosensitize



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosexual isosexual (I-so-sek´shu-al)
1. Relating to the existence of characteristics or feelings of both sexes in one person. 2. Descriptive of an individual's somatic characteristics, or of processes occurring within, that are consonant with the sex of that individual.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosmotic isosmotic (I´sos-mot´ik)
Having the same total osmotic pressure or osmolality as another fluid (ordinarily intracellular fluid); such a fluid is not isosmotic if it includes solutes that freely permeate cell membranes.iso-osmotic;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosorbide isosorbide
A compound with diuretic properties prepared by acid dehydration of d-glucitol.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide dinitrate (I-so-sor´bId dI-nI´trat)
1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-d-glucitol dinitrate;a coronary vasodilator; large doses may produce headache, flushing of the face, palpitation, fainting, and methemoglobinemia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Isospora Isospora (I-sos´po-ra)
A genus of coccidia (family Eimeriidae, class Sporozoea), with species chiefly in mammals; the ripe oocysts contain two sporocysts, each of which contains four sporozoites. This genus is now known to be closely related to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis, with a similar sexual phase in the life cycle and a similar apical complex. [iso- + G. sporos, seed]
I. bel´li a relatively rare species occurring in the small intestine of man, most common in the tropics but probably of worldwide distribution; most infections are subclinical, but sometimes they may cause mucous diarrhea.
I. bigem´ina a species that occurs in the small intestine of the dog, cat, fox, mink, and possibly other carnivores; the most pathogenic coccidium in dogs and cats, causing enteritis and diarrhea; the oocysts are usually sporulated when passed in the feces, but are indistinguishable from those of Toxoplasma gondii, so considerable question remains as to the status of these parasites.
I. ca´nis a species of worldwide distribution that is mildly pathogenic in dogs and is not infective in cats.
I. fe´lis a species found in the small intestine and sometimes the cecum and colon of cats, lions, and other felids; it is only slightly, if at all, pathogenic in cats and is not infective in dogs.
I. rivol´ta a species that occurs in the small intestine of dogs, cats, dingos, and probably other wild carnivores; pathogenic capabilities are similar to those of I. bigemina.
I. su´is a species that affects the small intestine of the pig, producing mild diarrhea.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosporiasis isosporiasis (I-sos-po-rI´a-sis)
Disease caused by infection with a species of Isospora, such as I. belli of humans; human disease usually is mild except in cases of immunosuppression, as in AIDS, where it may cause an intractable diarrhea.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isostere isostere (I´so-ster)
One of two or more atoms or molecules having the same electron arrangement; e.g., N2 and CO. [iso- + G. stereos, solid]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isostery isostery (I-so-ster´e)
Physiological enzyme or metabolic regulation via competitive inhibition by structural analogs of natural substrates.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosthenuria isosthenuria (I-sos´the-nu´re-a, I´so-sthe-)
A state in chronic renal disease in which the kidney cannot form urine with a higher or a lower specific gravity than that of protein-free plasma; specific gravity of the urine becomes fixed around 1.010, irrespective of the fluid intake. [iso- + G. sthenos, strength, + ouron, urine]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosuccinic acid isosuccinic acid (I´so-suk-sin´ik)
methylmalonic acid



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosulfamerazine isosulfamerazine (I´so-sul-fa-mer´a-zen)
sulfaperin



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isosulfan blue isosulfan blue (I-so-sul´fan)
C27H31N2NaO6S2;a dye used as a radiographic adjunct to mark lymphatic vessels during lymphography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isothermal isothermal (I-so-ther´mal)
Having the same temperature. [iso- + G. therme, heat]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isothiocyanate isothiocyanate (I´so-thI-o-sI´a-nat)
The radical of isothiocyanic acid, -N=C=S.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isothipendyl isothipendyl (I´so-thI-pen´dil)
10-(2-Dimethylamino-2-methylethyl)-10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine;an antihistaminic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotone isotone (I´so-ton)
One of several nuclides having the same number of neutrons in their nuclei; e.g., K and Ca with 20 each, Fe and Ni with 30 each. [iso- + G. tonos, stretching, tension]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotonia isotonia (I-so-to´ne-a)
A condition of tonic equality in which tension or osmotic pressure in two substances or solutions is the same. [iso- + G. tonos, tension]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotonic isotonic (I-so-ton´ik)
1. Relating to isotonicity or isotonia. 2. Having equal tension; denoting solutions possessing the same osmotic pressure; more specifically, limited to solutions in which cells neither swell nor shrink. Thus, a solution that is isosmotic with intracellular fluid will not be i. if it includes solute, such as urea, that freely permeates cell membranes. 3. In physiology, denoting the condition when a contracting muscle shortens against a constant load, as when lifting a weight. Cf. auxotonic, isometric (2).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotonicity isotonicity (I-so-to-nis´i-te)
1. The quality of possessing and maintaining a uniform tone or tension. 2. The property of a solution in being isotonic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotope isotope (I´so-top)
One of two or more nuclides that are chemically identical, having the same number of protons, yet differ in mass number, since their nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons; individual i.'s are named with the inclusion of their mass number in the superior position (12C) and the atomic number (nuclear protons) in the inferior position (6C). In former usage, the mass numbers follow the chemical symbol (C-12). [iso- + G. topos, part, place]
daughter i. an element produced by radioactive decay of another. See radionuclide generator, cow.
radioactive i. an i. with an unstable nuclear composition; such nuclei decompose spontaneously by emission of a nuclear electron (beta particle) or helium nucleus (a particle) and radiation (gamma rays), thus achieving a stable nuclear composition; used as tracers, and as radiation and energy sources. See half-life.
stable i. a nonradioactive nuclide; an i. that shows no tendency to undergo radioactive decomposition.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotopic isotopic (I-so-top´ik)
Of identical chemical composition but differing in some physical property, such as atomic weight.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotransplantation isotransplantation (I´so-tranz-plan-ta´shun)
Transfer of an isograft (syngraft).



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotretinoin isotretinoin (I-so-tret´i-noyn)
13-cis-Retinoic acid;a retinoid used for treatment of severe recalcitrant cystic acne; a known human teratogen.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotropic isotropic , isotropous (I-so-trop´ik, I-sot´ro-pus)
Having properties which are the same in all directions. [iso- + G. trope, a turn]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotype isotype (I´so-tIp)
An antigenic determinant (marker) that occurs in all members of a subclass of an immunoglobulin class. Whereas a given allotypic marker or determinant is thought to occur in only one subclass, an antigenic marker that is isotypic in one subclass may also occur as an allotypic marker in another subclass. [iso- + G. typos, model]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isotypic isotypic (I-so-tip´ik)
Pertaining to an isotype.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovaleric acid isovaleric acid (I´so-va-lar´ik, -ler´ik)
(CH3)2CHCH2COOH; 3-Methylbutyric acid;a metabolic intermediate in oxidative processes; elevated in cases of isovaleric acidemia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovaleric acidemia isovaleric acidemia [MIM*243500]
A disorder of leucine metabolism characterized by the excessive production of isovaleric acid upon protein ingestion or during infectious episodes; severe metabolic acidosis results from the large quantities of acid formed; autosomal recessive inheritance; due to a deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase.sweaty feet syndrome;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovaleryl-CoA isovaleryl-CoA (I-so-val´er-il)
The condensation product of isovaleric acid and coenzyme A; an intermediate in the catabolism of l-leucine.isovalerylcoenzyme A;
i.-CoA dehydrogenase an enzyme that participates in the catabolism of l-leucine; it converts i.-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA using FAD; a deficiency in this enzyme will result in isovaleric acidemia.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovalerylcoenzyme A isovalerylcoenzyme A
isovaleryl-CoA



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovalthine isovalthine (I-so-val´then)
(CH3)2CHCH(COOH)-S-CH2CH(NH2)COOH; S-(1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl)-l-cysteine;a sulfur-containing compound found in urine.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovolume isovolume (I-so-vol´yum)
At the same or equal volume. See also isovolumic.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovolumetric isovolumetric (I´so-vol-yu-met´rik)
isovolumic



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isovolumic isovolumic (I´so-vol-yu´mik)
Occurring without an associated alteration in volume, as when, in early ventricular systole, the muscle fibers initially increase their tension without shortening so that ventricular volume remains unaltered. See also isometric.isochoric, isovolumetric;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoxicam isoxicam (I-soks´I-kam)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic properties; resembles piroxicam.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isoxsuprine hydrochloride isoxsuprine hydrochloride (I-soks´su-pren)
1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(1´-methyl- 2´-phenoxy)ethylamino]-1-propanol hydrochloride;sympathomimetic amine with potent inhibitory effects on vascular, uterine, and other smooth muscles; used as a vasodilator in various vascular diseases and as a uterine relaxant.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isozyme isozyme (I´so-zIm)
isoenzyme



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

issue issue (ish´u)
Archaic term for a discharge of pus, blood, or other matter. [Fr. a going out]
nature-nurture i. a controversy concerning the relative importance of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in various aspects of individual development, such as intelligence, personality, or mental illness.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isthmectomy isthmectomy (is-mek´to-me)
Excision of the midportion of the thyroid. [G. isthmos, isthmus, + ektome, excision]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isthmic isthmic , isthmian (is´mik, is´me-an)
Denoting an anatomical isthmus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isthmoparalysis isthmoparalysis (is´mo-pa-ral´i-sis)
Paralysis of the velum pendulum palati and the muscles forming the anterior pillars of the fauces.faucial paralysis, isthmoplegia; [G. isthmos, isthmus, + paralysis]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isthmoplegia isthmoplegia (is´mo-ple´je-a)
isthmoparalysis [G. isthmos, isthmus, + plege, stroke]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

isthmus isthmus, pl. isthmi isthmuses (is´mus, -mI, -mus-ez)
1. A constriction connecting two larger parts of an organ or other anatomical structure. 2. A narrow passage connecting two larger cavities. 3. The narrowest portion of the brainstem at the junction between midbrain and hindbrain. [G. isthmos]
i. of aorta a slight constriction of the aorta immediately distal to the left subclavian artery at the point of attachment of the ductus arteriosus.i. aortae [NA] ;
i. aor´tae [NA] i. of aorta
i. of auditory tube the narrowest portion of the auditory tube at the junction of the cartilaginous and bony portions.i. tubae auditivae [NA], i. of eustachian tube;
i. of cartilage of ear a narrow bridge connecting the cartilage of the external acoustic meatus and the lamina of the tragus with the main portion of the cartilage of the auricle.i. cartilaginis auris [NA] ;
i. cartilag´inis au´ris [NA] i. of cartilage of ear
i. of cingulate gyrus the narrowing of the cingulate gyrus, at its transition with the hippocampal gyrus behind and below the splenium of the corpus callosum, caused by the anterior extension of the conjoined parieto-occipital and calcarine sulci.i. gyri cinguli [NA], i. of gyrus fornicatus, i. of limbic lobe;
i. of eustachian tube i. of auditory tube
i. of external acoustic meatus the narrowest portion of this canal in the bony part near its deep termination.i. meatus acustici externi;
i. of fauces the constricted and short space which establishes the connection between the cavity of the mouth and the oro-pharynx, bounded anteriorly by the palatoglossal folds and posteriorly by the palatopharyngeal folds; the lateral well is the tonsillar fossa.i. faucium [NA] ;
i. fau´cium [NA] i. of fauces
i. glan´dulae thyroid´eae [NA] i. of thyroid
Guyon's i. i. of uterus
i. gy´ri cin´guli [NA] i. of cingulate gyrus
i. of gy´rus fornica´tus i. of cingulate gyrus
i. of His rhombencephalic i
Krönig's i. the narrow straplike portion of the resonant field that extends over the shoulder, connecting the larger areas of resonance over the pulmonary apex in front and behind.
i. of limbic lobe i. of cingulate gyrus
i. mea´tus acus´tici exter´ni i. of external acoustic meatus
pharyngeal i. communicating space between nasopharynx and oropharynx, sealed off by elevation of the soft palate and contraction of portions of the superior pharyngeal constrictor (palatopharyngal sphincter) during swallowing.
i. pharyngonasa´lis choana
i. pros´tatae [NA] i. of prostate
i. of prostate the narrow middle part of the prostate anterior to the urethra.i. prostatae [NA] ;
i. rhombenceph´ali [NA] rhombencephalic i
rhombencephalic i. 1. a constriction in the embryonic neural tube delineating the mesencephalon from the rhombencephalon; 2. the anterior portion of the rhombencephalon connecting with the mesencephalon.i. rhombencephali [NA], i. of His;
i. of thyroid the central part of the thyroid gland joining the two lateral lobes.i. glandulae thyroideae [NA] ;
i. tu´bae auditi´vae [NA] i. of auditory tube
i. tu´bae uteri´nae [NA] i. of uterine tube
i. u´teri [NA] i. of uterus
i. of uterine tube the narrow portion of the uterine tube adjoining the uterus.i. tubae uterinae [NA] ;
i. of uterus an elongated constriction at the junction of the body and cervix of the uterus.i. uteri [NA], Guyon's i., orificium internum uteri, os uteri internum, ostium uteri internum;
Vieussens' i. limbus fossae ovalis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

itaconic acid itaconic acid (it´a-kon´ik)
CH2=C(COOH)CH2COOH;the decarboxylation product of cis-aconitic acid.methylenesuccinic acid;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

itch itch
1. A peculiar irritating sensation in the skin that arouses the desire to scratch. 2. Common name for scabies. 3. pruritus (2) ; pruritus (2) [A.S. gikkan]
azo i. itching that occurs among workers in azo dyes.
baker's i. an eruption on the hands and arms of bakers due to an allergic reaction to flour or other substances handled, or to the grain itch mite.
barber's i. tinea barbae
bath i. bath pruritus
coolie i. cutaneous ancylostomiasis
copra i. a dermatitis occurring in workers in copra mills, caused by the presence of a mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae.
Cuban i. alastrim
dew i. cutaneous ancylostomiasis
dhobie i. tinea cruris
frost i. dermatitis hiemalis
grain i. a cutaneous eruption occasionally noted in farmers and grain handlers, caused by the action of the mite Pyemotes ventricosus.
grocer's i. a vesicular dermatitis seen in grocers and bakers who handle sugar or flour; caused by a mite of the genus Glycophagus.
ground i. cutaneous ancylostomiasis
jock i. tinea cruris
kabure i. schistosomiasis japonica
lumberman's i. dermatitis hiemalis
mad i. pseudorabies
Malabar i. tinea imbricata
Norway i. Norwegian scabies
poultryman's i. eruption due to infestation with the mite, Dermanyssus gallinae.
prairie i. pruritus of varied origin, affecting farm laborers.
rice i. schistosomiasis japonica
Saint Ignatius' i. pellagra
straw i. , straw-bed i. an urticarial eruption caused by the mite, Pyemotes ventricosus, which can infest straw used in mattresses.dermatitis pediculoides ventricosus;
summer i. pruritus aestivalis
swamp i. cutaneous ancylostomiasis
sweet i. a pruritic dermatosis of horses caused by an allergic reaction to midges of the genus Culicoides.
swimmer's i. 1. cutaneous ancylostomiasis 2. schistosomal dermatitis
toe i. cutaneous ancylostomiasis
warehouseman's i. eczema of the hands from handling irritating substances.
washerwoman's i. an eczematous eruption of the hands and arms of washerwomen, dishwashers, and others whose hands are excessively immersed in water.
water i. 1. cutaneous ancylostomiasis 2. schistosomal dermatitis
winter i. dermatitis hiemalis



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

itching itching
An uncomfortable sensation of irritation of the skin or mucous membranes which causes scratching or rubbing of the affected parts.pruritus (1) ;



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ite -ite
1. Of the nature of, resembling. 2. A salt of an acid that has the termination -ous. 3. In comparative anatomy, a suffix denoting an essential portion of the part to the name of which it is attached. See also -ites. [G. -ites, fem. -itis]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iter iter (I´ter)
A passage leading from one anatomical part to another. See also canaliculus. [L. iter (itiner-), a way, journey]
i. chor´dae ante´rius anterior canaliculus of chorda tympani
i. chor´dae poste´rius posterior canaliculus of chorda tympani
i. den´tis the route or routes by which one or more teeth erupt.i. dentium;
i. den´tium i. dentis
i. a ter´tio ad quar´tum ventric´ulum cerebral aqueduct [L. path from the third to the fourth ventricle]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

iteral iteral (I´ter-al)
Relating to an iter.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-ites -ites
Adjectival suffix to nouns, corresponding to L. -alis, -ale, or -inus, -inum, or Eng. -y, -like, or the hyphenated nouns; the adjective so formed is used without the qualified noun. The feminine form, -itis (agreeing with nosos, disease), is so often associated with inflammatory disease that it has acquired in most cases the significance of inflammation. Thus, tympanites is ho tympanites hydrops, the drumlike swelling of the abdomen, but tympanitis is he tympanitis nosos, the inflammation of the tympanum. See also -ite. [G. ites, m., or -ites, n.]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ithykyphosis ithykyphosis , ithycyphosis (ith´I-kI-fo´sis, ith´I-sI-)
Obsolete term for pure kyphosis without lateral displacement of the spine. [G. ithys, straight, + kyphos, a hump]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ithylordosis ithylordosis (ith´e-lor-do´sis)
Obsolete term for a pure lordosis without lateral curvature of the spine. [G. ithys, straight, + lordosis, a forward curvature of the spine, fr. lordos, bent backward (opp. of kyphos, humped]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-itides -itides
Plural of -itis.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

-itis -itis
See -ites. [G. fem. of -ites]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ito Ito
T., 20th century Japanese physician. See I. cells, under cell.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ito Ito
Minor, 20th century Japanese dermatologist. See Ito's nevus; hypomelanosis of I.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ito Ito
Hayozo, 19th century Japanese physician, *1865. See Ito-Reenstierna test.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ITP ITP
Abbreviation for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; inosine 5´-triphosphate.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

itramin tosylate itramin tosylate (I´tra-min)
2-Aminoethyl nitrate p-toluenesulfonate;a vasodilator.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IU IU
Abbreviation for international unit.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IUB IUB
Abbreviation for International Union of Biochemistry.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IUCD IUCD
Abbreviation for intrauterine contraceptive devices, under device.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IUD IUD
Abbreviation for intrauterine devices, under device.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IUPAC IUPAC
Abbreviation for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I-V I-V
Abbreviation for intraventricular.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

I.V. I.V. , i.v.
Abbreviation for intravenous, or intravenously.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVB IVB
Abbreviation for intraventricular block.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVC IVC
Abbreviation for inferior vena cava.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ivemark Ivemark
Björn, Swedish pathologist, *1925. See I.'s syndrome.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ivermectin ivermectin (I-ver-mek´tin)
A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic effective in the treatment of filariasis. The drug destroys Onchocerca microfilaria and Filaria bancrofti.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVF IVF
Abbreviation for in vitro fertilization.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVF-ET IVF-ET
Abbreviation for in vitro fertilization and in vivo transfer of the embryo to the uterus, Fallopian tube, or the peritoneal cavity.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ivory ivory (I´vo-re)
A term applied to the tusks of the elephant, walrus, narwhal, hippopotamus, and warthog, and to all of the teeth of the sperm whale; the material is dentinum, the inner layer of the tooth derived from the mesoderm. In all of these animals, as well as in several others, the hard enamel layer fails to develop, or develops incompletely, leaving the softer dentinum core exposed. [L. ebur]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVP IVP
Abbreviation for intravenous pyelography or pyelogram.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

IVU IVU
Abbreviation for intravenous urogram; preferred to IVP. See intravenous urography.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ivy Ivy
Robert H., U.S. oral and plastic surgeon, 1881-1974. See I. loop wiring, bleeding time test.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ixodes Ixodes (ik-so´dez)
A genus of hard ticks (family Ixodidae), many species of which are parasitic on man and animals; severe reactions frequently follow their bites; they are characterized by an anal groove surrounding the anus anteriorly, absence of eyes and festoons, and marked sexual dimorphism; about 40 species have been described from North America. [G. ixodes, sticky, like bird-lime, fr. ixos, mistletoe, + eidos, form]
I. bicor´nis a species, found in Mexico, whose bite causes fever and extreme malaise.
I. cook´ei a species that is a vector of Powassan virus in Canada.
I. damm´ini a species that is a vector of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) and human babesiosis (Babesia microti) in the U.S. Bites causing Lyme disease in humans are from nymphal ticks about the size of a pencil point, infected with B. burgdorferi from white-footed field mice. Adult ticks complete their two-year life cycle feeding on deer.
I. holocyc´lus a species in Australia that infests the kangaroo and transmits a paralytic disease to young cattle.
I. pacif´icus the California black-legged tick, a species that is the vector of Lyme disease in the western U.S.
I. persulca´tus a Eurasian species that is a vector for Russian spring-summer encephalitis and Lyme disease, and is associated with the taiga forest of the area formerly known as the USSR.
I. pilo´sus the paralysis tick, a species that infests sheep in South Africa and causes paralysis.
I. rici´nus the castor bean tick, a Euroasian species that infests cattle, sheep, and wild animals, and transmits the virus of louping ill, the piroplasm Babesia divergens, the central European tick-borne encephalitis virus, and the Lyme disease bacterium.
I. scapula´ris the black-legged or shoulder tick, a species found on animals in the southern and eastern U.S.; capable of inflicting a painful bite to humans, and of being a vector of Lyme disease.
I. spinipal´pis a species parasitic on wild rodents in British Columbia and the vector of Powassan virus in mice of the genus Peromyscus.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ixodiasis ixodiasis (ik-so-dI´a-sis)
Skin lesions caused by the bites of certain ixodid ticks. In some cases the tick burrows under the skin, causing some degree of irritation, but in most cases an urticarioid eruption is the only result.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ixodic ixodic (ik-sod´ik)
Relating to or caused by ticks.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

ixodid ixodid (ik´so-did)
Common name for members of the family Ixodidae.



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ixodidae Ixodidae (ik-sod´i-de)
A family of ticks (order Acarina, suborder Ixodides), the so-called "hard" ticks, characterized by rigid body form, presence of a dorsal shield, and an anteriorly projecting capitulum. It includes the genera Ixodes, Hyalomma, Amblyomma, Boophilus, Margaropus, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Rhipicephalus, species of which transmit many important human and animal diseases and cause tick paralysis; they occasionally attack man, a few habitually so. [G. ixodes, sticky]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Ixodoidea Ixodoidea (ik´so-do-id´e-a)
Superfamily of the order Acarina that includes the families Ixodidae and Argasidae. [G. ixodes, sticky]



Copyright© 1995 Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.